Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression

Cell fusion is a well-known, but still scarcely understood biological phenomenon, which might play a role in cancer initiation, progression and formation of metastases. Although the merging of two (cancer) cells appears simple, the entire process is highly complex, energy-dependent and tightly regul...

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Autores principales:	Thomas Dittmar, Julian Weiler, Tianjiao Luo, Ralf Hass
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cell-cell fusion syncytia formation viruses cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81619e71834649f38ebcf6fb7bc71480
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81619e71834649f38ebcf6fb7bc714802021-11-11T15:29:11ZCell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression10.3390/cancers132153632072-6694https://doaj.org/article/81619e71834649f38ebcf6fb7bc714802021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5363https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Cell fusion is a well-known, but still scarcely understood biological phenomenon, which might play a role in cancer initiation, progression and formation of metastases. Although the merging of two (cancer) cells appears simple, the entire process is highly complex, energy-dependent and tightly regulated. Among cell fusion-inducing and -regulating factors, so-called fusogens have been identified as a specific type of proteins that are indispensable for overcoming fusion-associated energetic barriers and final merging of plasma membranes. About 8% of the human genome is of retroviral origin and some well-known fusogens, such as syncytin-1, are expressed by human (cancer) cells. Likewise, enveloped viruses can enable and facilitate cell fusion due to evolutionarily optimized fusogens, and are also capable to induce bi- and multinucleation underlining their fusion capacity. Moreover, multinucleated giant cancer cells have been found in tumors derived from oncogenic viruses. Accordingly, a potential correlation between viruses and fusogens of human endogenous retroviral origin in cancer cell fusion will be summarized in this review.Thomas DittmarJulian WeilerTianjiao LuoRalf HassMDPI AGarticlecell-cell fusionsyncytia formationvirusescancerNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5363, p 5363 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cell-cell fusion syncytia formation viruses cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	cell-cell fusion syncytia formation viruses cancer Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Thomas Dittmar Julian Weiler Tianjiao Luo Ralf Hass Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression
description	Cell fusion is a well-known, but still scarcely understood biological phenomenon, which might play a role in cancer initiation, progression and formation of metastases. Although the merging of two (cancer) cells appears simple, the entire process is highly complex, energy-dependent and tightly regulated. Among cell fusion-inducing and -regulating factors, so-called fusogens have been identified as a specific type of proteins that are indispensable for overcoming fusion-associated energetic barriers and final merging of plasma membranes. About 8% of the human genome is of retroviral origin and some well-known fusogens, such as syncytin-1, are expressed by human (cancer) cells. Likewise, enveloped viruses can enable and facilitate cell fusion due to evolutionarily optimized fusogens, and are also capable to induce bi- and multinucleation underlining their fusion capacity. Moreover, multinucleated giant cancer cells have been found in tumors derived from oncogenic viruses. Accordingly, a potential correlation between viruses and fusogens of human endogenous retroviral origin in cancer cell fusion will be summarized in this review.
format	article
author	Thomas Dittmar Julian Weiler Tianjiao Luo Ralf Hass
author_facet	Thomas Dittmar Julian Weiler Tianjiao Luo Ralf Hass
author_sort	Thomas Dittmar
title	Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression
title_short	Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression
title_full	Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression
title_fullStr	Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression
title_full_unstemmed	Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression
title_sort	cell-cell fusion mediated by viruses and herv-derived fusogens in cancer initiation and progression
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/81619e71834649f38ebcf6fb7bc71480
work_keys_str_mv	AT thomasdittmar cellcellfusionmediatedbyvirusesandhervderivedfusogensincancerinitiationandprogression AT julianweiler cellcellfusionmediatedbyvirusesandhervderivedfusogensincancerinitiationandprogression AT tianjiaoluo cellcellfusionmediatedbyvirusesandhervderivedfusogensincancerinitiationandprogression AT ralfhass cellcellfusionmediatedbyvirusesandhervderivedfusogensincancerinitiationandprogression
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Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression

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