Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China

ABSTRACT Fungi underpin almost all terrestrial ecosystem functions, yet our understanding of their community ecology lags far behind that of other organisms. Here, red paddy soils in subtropical China were collected across a soil depth profile, comprising 0-to-10-cm- (0-10cm-), 10-20cm-, and 20-40cm...

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Autores principales:	Pengfa Li, Weitao Li, Alex J. Dumbrell, Ming Liu, Guilong Li, Meng Wu, Chunyu Jiang, Zhongpei Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	DDRs assemblages fungi paddy soils soil profile spatial variation Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/816865993c244f70965e6a8881d4d269
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:816865993c244f70965e6a8881d4d2692021-12-02T19:46:20ZSpatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China10.1128/mSystems.00704-192379-5077https://doaj.org/article/816865993c244f70965e6a8881d4d2692020-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00704-19https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT Fungi underpin almost all terrestrial ecosystem functions, yet our understanding of their community ecology lags far behind that of other organisms. Here, red paddy soils in subtropical China were collected across a soil depth profile, comprising 0-to-10-cm- (0-10cm-), 10-20cm-, and 20-40cm-deep layers. Using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, distance-decay relationships (DDRs), and ecological models, fungal assemblages and their spatial patterns were investigated from each soil depth. We observed significant spatial variation in fungal communities and found that environmental heterogeneity decreased with soil depth, while spatial variation in fungal communities showed the opposite trend. DDRs occurred only in 0-10cm- and 10-20cm-deep soil layers, not in the 20-40cm layer. Our analyses revealed that the fungal community assembly in the 0-10cm layer was primarily governed by environmental filtering and a high dispersal rate, while in the deeper layer (20-40cm), it was primarily governed by dispersal limitation with minimal environmental filtering. Both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation controlled fungal community assembly in the 10-20cm layer, with dispersal limitation playing the major role. Results demonstrate the decreasing importance of environmental filtering and an increase in the importance of dispersal limitation in structuring fungal communities from shallower to deeper soils. Effectively, “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects,” although only in shallower soils that are easily accessible to dispersive fungal propagules. This work highlights that perceived drivers of fungal community assembly are dependent on sampling depth, suggesting that caution is required when interpreting diversity patterns from samples that integrate across depths. IMPORTANCE In this work, Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of the ITS region was used to investigate the spatial variation and assembly mechanisms of fungal communities from different soil layers across paddy fields in subtropical China, and the results demonstrate the decreasing importance of environmental filtering and an increase in the importance of dispersal limitation in structuring fungal communities from shallower to deeper soils. Therefore, the results of this study highlight that perceived drivers of fungal community assembly are dependent on sampling depth and suggest that caution is required when interpreting diversity patterns from samples that integrate across depths. This is the first study focusing on assemblages of fungal communities in different soil layers on a relatively large scale, and we thus believe that this study is of great importance to researchers and readers in microbial ecology, especially in microbial biogeography, because the results can provide sampling guidance in future studies of microbial biogeography.Pengfa LiWeitao LiAlex J. DumbrellMing LiuGuilong LiMeng WuChunyu JiangZhongpei LiAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleDDRsassemblagesfungipaddy soilssoil profilespatial variationMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 5, Iss 1 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	DDRs assemblages fungi paddy soils soil profile spatial variation Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	DDRs assemblages fungi paddy soils soil profile spatial variation Microbiology QR1-502 Pengfa Li Weitao Li Alex J. Dumbrell Ming Liu Guilong Li Meng Wu Chunyu Jiang Zhongpei Li Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China
description	ABSTRACT Fungi underpin almost all terrestrial ecosystem functions, yet our understanding of their community ecology lags far behind that of other organisms. Here, red paddy soils in subtropical China were collected across a soil depth profile, comprising 0-to-10-cm- (0-10cm-), 10-20cm-, and 20-40cm-deep layers. Using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, distance-decay relationships (DDRs), and ecological models, fungal assemblages and their spatial patterns were investigated from each soil depth. We observed significant spatial variation in fungal communities and found that environmental heterogeneity decreased with soil depth, while spatial variation in fungal communities showed the opposite trend. DDRs occurred only in 0-10cm- and 10-20cm-deep soil layers, not in the 20-40cm layer. Our analyses revealed that the fungal community assembly in the 0-10cm layer was primarily governed by environmental filtering and a high dispersal rate, while in the deeper layer (20-40cm), it was primarily governed by dispersal limitation with minimal environmental filtering. Both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation controlled fungal community assembly in the 10-20cm layer, with dispersal limitation playing the major role. Results demonstrate the decreasing importance of environmental filtering and an increase in the importance of dispersal limitation in structuring fungal communities from shallower to deeper soils. Effectively, “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects,” although only in shallower soils that are easily accessible to dispersive fungal propagules. This work highlights that perceived drivers of fungal community assembly are dependent on sampling depth, suggesting that caution is required when interpreting diversity patterns from samples that integrate across depths. IMPORTANCE In this work, Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of the ITS region was used to investigate the spatial variation and assembly mechanisms of fungal communities from different soil layers across paddy fields in subtropical China, and the results demonstrate the decreasing importance of environmental filtering and an increase in the importance of dispersal limitation in structuring fungal communities from shallower to deeper soils. Therefore, the results of this study highlight that perceived drivers of fungal community assembly are dependent on sampling depth and suggest that caution is required when interpreting diversity patterns from samples that integrate across depths. This is the first study focusing on assemblages of fungal communities in different soil layers on a relatively large scale, and we thus believe that this study is of great importance to researchers and readers in microbial ecology, especially in microbial biogeography, because the results can provide sampling guidance in future studies of microbial biogeography.
format	article
author	Pengfa Li Weitao Li Alex J. Dumbrell Ming Liu Guilong Li Meng Wu Chunyu Jiang Zhongpei Li
author_facet	Pengfa Li Weitao Li Alex J. Dumbrell Ming Liu Guilong Li Meng Wu Chunyu Jiang Zhongpei Li
author_sort	Pengfa Li
title	Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China
title_short	Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China
title_full	Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China
title_fullStr	Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China
title_full_unstemmed	Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China
title_sort	spatial variation in soil fungal communities across paddy fields in subtropical china
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/816865993c244f70965e6a8881d4d269
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Spatial Variation in Soil Fungal Communities across Paddy Fields in Subtropical China

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