Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures

Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) efficiency is related to the electric field (EF) magnitude delivered on the target. Very few studies (n = 4) have estimated the in-vivo intracerebral electric fields in humans. They have relied mainly on electrocorticographic recordings, which re...

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Autores principales:	Samuel Louviot, Louise Tyvaert, Louis G. Maillard, Sophie Colnat-Coulbois, Jacek Dmochowski, Laurent Koessler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2022
Materias:	Transcranial electrical stimulation Human in-vivo Stereoelectroencephalography Electric field HD electrodes Hippocampus Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/817afdf54c594b8ca903ef56d9227952
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:817afdf54c594b8ca903ef56d92279522021-11-10T04:22:24ZTranscranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures1935-861X10.1016/j.brs.2021.11.001https://doaj.org/article/817afdf54c594b8ca903ef56d92279522022-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X21007993https://doaj.org/toc/1935-861XBackground: Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) efficiency is related to the electric field (EF) magnitude delivered on the target. Very few studies (n = 4) have estimated the in-vivo intracerebral electric fields in humans. They have relied mainly on electrocorticographic recordings, which require a craniotomy impacting EF distribution, and did not investigate deep brain structures. Objective: To measure the electric field in deep brain structures during TES in humans in-vivo. Additionally, to investigate the effects of TES frequencies, intensities, and montages on the intracerebral EF. Methods: Simultaneous bipolar transcranial alternating current stimulation and intracerebral recordings (SEEG) were performed in 8 drug-resistant epileptic patients. TES was applied using small high-definition (HD) electrodes. Seven frequencies, two intensities and 15 montages were applied on one, six and one patients, respectively. Results: At 1 mA intensity, we found mean EF magnitudes of 0.21, 0.17 and 0.07 V·m−1 in the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus, respectively. An average of 0.14 ± 0.07 V·m−1 was measured in these deep brain structures. Mean EF magnitudes in these structures at 1Hz were 11% higher than at 300Hz (+0.03 V·m−1). The EF was correlated with the TES intensities. The TES montages that yielded the maximum EF in the amygdalae were T7-T8 and in the cingulate gyri were C3-FT10 and T7-C4. Conclusion: TES at low intensities and with small HD electrodes can generate an EF in deep brain structures, irrespective of stimulation frequency. EF magnitude is correlated to the stimulation intensity and depends upon the stimulation montage.Samuel LouviotLouise TyvaertLouis G. MaillardSophie Colnat-CoulboisJacek DmochowskiLaurent KoesslerElsevierarticleTranscranial electrical stimulationHuman in-vivoStereoelectroencephalographyElectric fieldHD electrodesHippocampusNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Stimulation, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Transcranial electrical stimulation Human in-vivo Stereoelectroencephalography Electric field HD electrodes Hippocampus Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	Transcranial electrical stimulation Human in-vivo Stereoelectroencephalography Electric field HD electrodes Hippocampus Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Samuel Louviot Louise Tyvaert Louis G. Maillard Sophie Colnat-Coulbois Jacek Dmochowski Laurent Koessler Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures
description	Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) efficiency is related to the electric field (EF) magnitude delivered on the target. Very few studies (n = 4) have estimated the in-vivo intracerebral electric fields in humans. They have relied mainly on electrocorticographic recordings, which require a craniotomy impacting EF distribution, and did not investigate deep brain structures. Objective: To measure the electric field in deep brain structures during TES in humans in-vivo. Additionally, to investigate the effects of TES frequencies, intensities, and montages on the intracerebral EF. Methods: Simultaneous bipolar transcranial alternating current stimulation and intracerebral recordings (SEEG) were performed in 8 drug-resistant epileptic patients. TES was applied using small high-definition (HD) electrodes. Seven frequencies, two intensities and 15 montages were applied on one, six and one patients, respectively. Results: At 1 mA intensity, we found mean EF magnitudes of 0.21, 0.17 and 0.07 V·m−1 in the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus, respectively. An average of 0.14 ± 0.07 V·m−1 was measured in these deep brain structures. Mean EF magnitudes in these structures at 1Hz were 11% higher than at 300Hz (+0.03 V·m−1). The EF was correlated with the TES intensities. The TES montages that yielded the maximum EF in the amygdalae were T7-T8 and in the cingulate gyri were C3-FT10 and T7-C4. Conclusion: TES at low intensities and with small HD electrodes can generate an EF in deep brain structures, irrespective of stimulation frequency. EF magnitude is correlated to the stimulation intensity and depends upon the stimulation montage.
format	article
author	Samuel Louviot Louise Tyvaert Louis G. Maillard Sophie Colnat-Coulbois Jacek Dmochowski Laurent Koessler
author_facet	Samuel Louviot Louise Tyvaert Louis G. Maillard Sophie Colnat-Coulbois Jacek Dmochowski Laurent Koessler
author_sort	Samuel Louviot
title	Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures
title_short	Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures
title_full	Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures
title_fullStr	Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures
title_full_unstemmed	Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures
title_sort	transcranial electrical stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/817afdf54c594b8ca903ef56d9227952
work_keys_str_mv	AT samuellouviot transcranialelectricalstimulationgenerateselectricfieldsindeephumanbrainstructures AT louisetyvaert transcranialelectricalstimulationgenerateselectricfieldsindeephumanbrainstructures AT louisgmaillard transcranialelectricalstimulationgenerateselectricfieldsindeephumanbrainstructures AT sophiecolnatcoulbois transcranialelectricalstimulationgenerateselectricfieldsindeephumanbrainstructures AT jacekdmochowski transcranialelectricalstimulationgenerateselectricfieldsindeephumanbrainstructures AT laurentkoessler transcranialelectricalstimulationgenerateselectricfieldsindeephumanbrainstructures
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Transcranial Electrical Stimulation generates electric fields in deep human brain structures

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