Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation

Many gestational exposures influence birth outcomes, yet the joint contribution of toxicant and psychosocial factors is understudied. Moreover, associated gestational epigenetic mechanisms are unknown. Lead (Pb) and depression independently influence birth outcomes and offspring <i>NR3C1</i...

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Autores principales:	Allison A. Appleton, Kevin C. Kiley, Lawrence M. Schell, Elizabeth A. Holdsworth, Anuoluwapo Akinsanya, Catherine Beecher
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	lead depression birth outcomes <i>NR3C1</i> epigenetics developmental origins of health and disease Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/819719c3fbf24b49828cb72c24194438
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:819719c3fbf24b49828cb72c241944382021-11-25T17:51:40ZPrenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation10.3390/ijerph1822121691660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/819719c3fbf24b49828cb72c241944382021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12169https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Many gestational exposures influence birth outcomes, yet the joint contribution of toxicant and psychosocial factors is understudied. Moreover, associated gestational epigenetic mechanisms are unknown. Lead (Pb) and depression independently influence birth outcomes and offspring <i>NR3C1</i> (glucocorticoid receptor) DNA methylation. We hypothesized that gestational Pb and depression would jointly influence birth outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> methylation. Pregnancy exposure information, DNA methylation, and birth outcome data were collected prospectively from <i>n</i> = 272 mother–infant pairs. Factor analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of <i>NR3C1</i>. Multivariable linear regressions tested for interaction effects between gestational Pb and depression exposures with birth outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i>. Interaction effects indicated that higher levels of Pb and depression jointly contributed to earlier gestations, smaller infant size at birth, and asymmetric fetal growth. Pb and depression were also jointly associated with the two primary factor scores explaining the most variability in <i>NR3C1</i> methylation; <i>NR3C1</i> scores were associated with some infant outcomes, including gestational age and asymmetric fetal growth. Pb and depression can cumulatively influence birth outcomes and epigenetic mechanisms, which may lay the foundation for later health risk. As toxicants and social adversities commonly co-occur, research should consider the life course consequences of these interconnected exposures.Allison A. AppletonKevin C. KileyLawrence M. SchellElizabeth A. HoldsworthAnuoluwapo AkinsanyaCatherine BeecherMDPI AGarticleleaddepressionbirth outcomes<i>NR3C1</i>epigeneticsdevelopmental origins of health and diseaseMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12169, p 12169 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	lead depression birth outcomes <i>NR3C1</i> epigenetics developmental origins of health and disease Medicine R
spellingShingle	lead depression birth outcomes <i>NR3C1</i> epigenetics developmental origins of health and disease Medicine R Allison A. Appleton Kevin C. Kiley Lawrence M. Schell Elizabeth A. Holdsworth Anuoluwapo Akinsanya Catherine Beecher Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation
description	Many gestational exposures influence birth outcomes, yet the joint contribution of toxicant and psychosocial factors is understudied. Moreover, associated gestational epigenetic mechanisms are unknown. Lead (Pb) and depression independently influence birth outcomes and offspring <i>NR3C1</i> (glucocorticoid receptor) DNA methylation. We hypothesized that gestational Pb and depression would jointly influence birth outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> methylation. Pregnancy exposure information, DNA methylation, and birth outcome data were collected prospectively from <i>n</i> = 272 mother–infant pairs. Factor analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of <i>NR3C1</i>. Multivariable linear regressions tested for interaction effects between gestational Pb and depression exposures with birth outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i>. Interaction effects indicated that higher levels of Pb and depression jointly contributed to earlier gestations, smaller infant size at birth, and asymmetric fetal growth. Pb and depression were also jointly associated with the two primary factor scores explaining the most variability in <i>NR3C1</i> methylation; <i>NR3C1</i> scores were associated with some infant outcomes, including gestational age and asymmetric fetal growth. Pb and depression can cumulatively influence birth outcomes and epigenetic mechanisms, which may lay the foundation for later health risk. As toxicants and social adversities commonly co-occur, research should consider the life course consequences of these interconnected exposures.
format	article
author	Allison A. Appleton Kevin C. Kiley Lawrence M. Schell Elizabeth A. Holdsworth Anuoluwapo Akinsanya Catherine Beecher
author_facet	Allison A. Appleton Kevin C. Kiley Lawrence M. Schell Elizabeth A. Holdsworth Anuoluwapo Akinsanya Catherine Beecher
author_sort	Allison A. Appleton
title	Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation
title_short	Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation
title_full	Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation
title_fullStr	Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation
title_full_unstemmed	Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation
title_sort	prenatal lead and depression exposures jointly influence birth outcomes and <i>nr3c1</i> dna methylation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/819719c3fbf24b49828cb72c24194438
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Prenatal Lead and Depression Exposures Jointly Influence Birth Outcomes and <i>NR3C1</i> DNA Methylation

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