Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes

Background: Off-time pubertal timing (PT) and non-conforming gender identity have been reported to predict adverse health and well-being in adolescents. However, the joint effects of these two factors are less addressed. We aimed to investigate the main and interaction effects of gender identity, pr...

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Autores principales:	Jen-Hao Kuo, Raúl Albaladejo Carrera, Lidya Cendra Mulyani, Carol Strong, Yi-Ching Lin, Yi-Ping Hsieh, Meng-Che Tsai, Chung-Ying Lin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	adolescent gender contentedness pubertal timing depression behavioral development Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81b73f854e9947e0824541a532d158e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81b73f854e9947e0824541a532d158e62021-12-01T07:40:54ZExploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes1664-064010.3389/fpsyt.2021.660746https://doaj.org/article/81b73f854e9947e0824541a532d158e62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.660746/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Background: Off-time pubertal timing (PT) and non-conforming gender identity have been reported to predict adverse health and well-being in adolescents. However, the joint effects of these two factors are less addressed. We aimed to investigate the main and interaction effects of gender identity, proxied by perceived gender contentedness (GC), and PT on longitudinal adolescent psychological and behavioral outcomes.Methods: Data (N = 1806, Mage = 13.3 ± 0.5 years) come from the Taiwan Youth Project, which prospectively followed a longitudinal cohort of Taiwanese junior high school students from 2000 (wave 1) to 2009 (wave 9). GC was self-reported at waves 1 and 9 in a binary response, and thus 4 GC trajectories were created. PT was defined using the Pubertal Developmental Scale, which mainly measured physical changes in puberty. Multiple linear regression analyses with gender stratification were applied to examine the effects of the GC trajectory and its interaction with PT on the outcomes.Results: A total of 1,562 subjects (86.5%) remained consistently satisfied with their gender, while the GC of 226 subjects (12.6%) changed at some point. Regression analyses found that males with gender dissatisfaction at wave 9 were likely to engage in delinquent behavior, and females in this group were more likely to have lower self-esteem, as compared to those with consistent GC. The interaction effect between the GC trajectory and PT appeared to be associated with smoking and drinking only at wave 1.Conclusions: These findings indicate that healthcare professionals should concentrate on gender non-conforming individuals at early adolescence, navigating them toward a healthy adulthood.Jen-Hao KuoRaúl Albaladejo CarreraLidya Cendra MulyaniCarol StrongYi-Ching LinYi-Ping HsiehMeng-Che TsaiMeng-Che TsaiChung-Ying LinFrontiers Media S.A.articleadolescentgender contentednesspubertal timingdepressionbehavioral developmentPsychiatryRC435-571ENFrontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adolescent gender contentedness pubertal timing depression behavioral development Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	adolescent gender contentedness pubertal timing depression behavioral development Psychiatry RC435-571 Jen-Hao Kuo Raúl Albaladejo Carrera Lidya Cendra Mulyani Carol Strong Yi-Ching Lin Yi-Ping Hsieh Meng-Che Tsai Meng-Che Tsai Chung-Ying Lin Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes
description	Background: Off-time pubertal timing (PT) and non-conforming gender identity have been reported to predict adverse health and well-being in adolescents. However, the joint effects of these two factors are less addressed. We aimed to investigate the main and interaction effects of gender identity, proxied by perceived gender contentedness (GC), and PT on longitudinal adolescent psychological and behavioral outcomes.Methods: Data (N = 1806, Mage = 13.3 ± 0.5 years) come from the Taiwan Youth Project, which prospectively followed a longitudinal cohort of Taiwanese junior high school students from 2000 (wave 1) to 2009 (wave 9). GC was self-reported at waves 1 and 9 in a binary response, and thus 4 GC trajectories were created. PT was defined using the Pubertal Developmental Scale, which mainly measured physical changes in puberty. Multiple linear regression analyses with gender stratification were applied to examine the effects of the GC trajectory and its interaction with PT on the outcomes.Results: A total of 1,562 subjects (86.5%) remained consistently satisfied with their gender, while the GC of 226 subjects (12.6%) changed at some point. Regression analyses found that males with gender dissatisfaction at wave 9 were likely to engage in delinquent behavior, and females in this group were more likely to have lower self-esteem, as compared to those with consistent GC. The interaction effect between the GC trajectory and PT appeared to be associated with smoking and drinking only at wave 1.Conclusions: These findings indicate that healthcare professionals should concentrate on gender non-conforming individuals at early adolescence, navigating them toward a healthy adulthood.
format	article
author	Jen-Hao Kuo Raúl Albaladejo Carrera Lidya Cendra Mulyani Carol Strong Yi-Ching Lin Yi-Ping Hsieh Meng-Che Tsai Meng-Che Tsai Chung-Ying Lin
author_facet	Jen-Hao Kuo Raúl Albaladejo Carrera Lidya Cendra Mulyani Carol Strong Yi-Ching Lin Yi-Ping Hsieh Meng-Che Tsai Meng-Che Tsai Chung-Ying Lin
author_sort	Jen-Hao Kuo
title	Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes
title_short	Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes
title_full	Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes
title_fullStr	Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes
title_sort	exploring the interaction effects of gender contentedness and pubertal timing on adolescent longitudinal psychological and behavioral health outcomes
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/81b73f854e9947e0824541a532d158e6
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Exploring the Interaction Effects of Gender Contentedness and Pubertal Timing on Adolescent Longitudinal Psychological and Behavioral Health Outcomes

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