A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.

<h4>Background</h4>Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CARB; now known as Filobacterium rodentium gen. nov., sp. nov.) is a primary pathogen of rodents. A CARB-like organism was reported in post-mortem lung samples of cats using light and electron microscopy. Here we explore by molecu...

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Autores principales:	Martina Načeradská, Sona Pekova, Patrizia Danesi, Tommaso Furlanello, Roberta Calleo, Patricia Martin, Fumio Ike, Richard Malik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81c86b8fddbb4c919e307221eaf4970d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81c86b8fddbb4c919e307221eaf4970d2021-12-02T20:10:56ZA novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251968https://doaj.org/article/81c86b8fddbb4c919e307221eaf4970d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251968https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CARB; now known as Filobacterium rodentium gen. nov., sp. nov.) is a primary pathogen of rodents. A CARB-like organism was reported in post-mortem lung samples of cats using light and electron microscopy. Here we explore by molecular procedures if a Filobacterium sp. is a part of the normal feline lower respiratory microbiome and whether it could in some cats contribute to the development of chronic bronchial disease.<h4>Methodology</h4>A Filobacterium sp. was identified in three Czech cats clinically diagnosed as having chronic neutrophilic bronchitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens obtained from these cats were subjected to panbacterial 16S rDNA PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of the V5 to V8 region. After these cats were treated with specific antimicrobials, their clinical signs resolved promptly, without recurrence. Next, BALF specimens from 13 Australian and 11 Italian cats with lower respiratory disease and an additional 16 lung samples of Italian cats who died of various causes were examined using next generation sequencing (NGS). Subsequently, a Filobacterium-specific qPCR assay was developed and used to re-test BALF specimens from the 11 Italian cats and lung tissue homogenates from the additional 16 deceased cats.<h4>Principal findings</h4>An amplicon of 548 bp with 91.24% sequence agreement with Filobacterium rodentium was obtained from all three patients, suggesting the novel Filobacterium sp. was the cause of their lower respiratory disease. The novel Filobacterium sp., which we propose to call F. felis, was detected in 3/3 Czech cats with chronic neutrophilic bronchitis, 13/13 Australian cats and 6/11 Italian cats with chronic lower respiratory disease, and 14/16 necropsy lung specimens from Italian cats. NGS and qPCR results all showed identical sequences. The Filobacterium sp. was sometimes the preponderant bacterial species in BALF specimens from cats with lower airway disease. There was an association between the presence of large numbers (greater than 105 organisms/mL) of Filobacterium and the presence of neutrophilic and/or histiocytic inflammation, although only a subset of inflammatory BALF specimens had F. felis as the preponderant organism.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The novel Filobacterium sp. comprises a finite part of the normal feline lower respiratory microbiome. Under certain circumstances it can increase in absolute and relative abundance and give rise to neutrophilic and/or histiocytic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia. These findings strongly suggest that F. felis could be an underdiagnosed cause of feline bronchial disease.Martina NačeradskáSona PekovaPatrizia DanesiTommaso FurlanelloRoberta CalleoPatricia MartinFumio IkeRichard MalikPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0251968 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Martina Načeradská Sona Pekova Patrizia Danesi Tommaso Furlanello Roberta Calleo Patricia Martin Fumio Ike Richard Malik A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CARB; now known as Filobacterium rodentium gen. nov., sp. nov.) is a primary pathogen of rodents. A CARB-like organism was reported in post-mortem lung samples of cats using light and electron microscopy. Here we explore by molecular procedures if a Filobacterium sp. is a part of the normal feline lower respiratory microbiome and whether it could in some cats contribute to the development of chronic bronchial disease.<h4>Methodology</h4>A Filobacterium sp. was identified in three Czech cats clinically diagnosed as having chronic neutrophilic bronchitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens obtained from these cats were subjected to panbacterial 16S rDNA PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of the V5 to V8 region. After these cats were treated with specific antimicrobials, their clinical signs resolved promptly, without recurrence. Next, BALF specimens from 13 Australian and 11 Italian cats with lower respiratory disease and an additional 16 lung samples of Italian cats who died of various causes were examined using next generation sequencing (NGS). Subsequently, a Filobacterium-specific qPCR assay was developed and used to re-test BALF specimens from the 11 Italian cats and lung tissue homogenates from the additional 16 deceased cats.<h4>Principal findings</h4>An amplicon of 548 bp with 91.24% sequence agreement with Filobacterium rodentium was obtained from all three patients, suggesting the novel Filobacterium sp. was the cause of their lower respiratory disease. The novel Filobacterium sp., which we propose to call F. felis, was detected in 3/3 Czech cats with chronic neutrophilic bronchitis, 13/13 Australian cats and 6/11 Italian cats with chronic lower respiratory disease, and 14/16 necropsy lung specimens from Italian cats. NGS and qPCR results all showed identical sequences. The Filobacterium sp. was sometimes the preponderant bacterial species in BALF specimens from cats with lower airway disease. There was an association between the presence of large numbers (greater than 105 organisms/mL) of Filobacterium and the presence of neutrophilic and/or histiocytic inflammation, although only a subset of inflammatory BALF specimens had F. felis as the preponderant organism.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The novel Filobacterium sp. comprises a finite part of the normal feline lower respiratory microbiome. Under certain circumstances it can increase in absolute and relative abundance and give rise to neutrophilic and/or histiocytic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia. These findings strongly suggest that F. felis could be an underdiagnosed cause of feline bronchial disease.
format	article
author	Martina Načeradská Sona Pekova Patrizia Danesi Tommaso Furlanello Roberta Calleo Patricia Martin Fumio Ike Richard Malik
author_facet	Martina Načeradská Sona Pekova Patrizia Danesi Tommaso Furlanello Roberta Calleo Patricia Martin Fumio Ike Richard Malik
author_sort	Martina Načeradská
title	A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.
title_short	A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.
title_full	A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.
title_fullStr	A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.
title_full_unstemmed	A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.
title_sort	novel filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/81c86b8fddbb4c919e307221eaf4970d
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A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats.

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