Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers

Timo Siepmann,1 Ben Min-Woo Illigens,2 Kristian Barlinn1 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 2Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Des...

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Autores principales:	Siepmann T, Illigens BM, Barlinn K
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	synucleinopathy skin parkinsonism neuropathy autonomic biopsy Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81cdbd064b66476d882f1a5f87ae59f9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81cdbd064b66476d882f1a5f87ae59f92021-12-02T07:02:10ZAlpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers1178-2021https://doaj.org/article/81cdbd064b66476d882f1a5f87ae59f92016-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/alpha-synuclein-in-cutaneous-small-nerve-fibers-peer-reviewed-article-NDThttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Timo Siepmann,1 Ben Min-Woo Illigens,2 Kristian Barlinn1 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 2Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Despite progression in the development of pharmacological therapy, treatment of alpha synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and some atypical parkinsonism syndromes, is still challenging. To date, our knowledge of the mechanisms whereby the pathological form of alpha-synuclein causes structural and functional damage to the nervous system is limited and, consequently, there is a lack of specific diagnostic tools to evaluate pathology in these patients and differentiate PD from other neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Recent studies indicated that alpha-synuclein deposition in cutaneous small nerve fibers assessed by skin biopsies might be a valid disease marker of PD and facilitate early differentiation of PD from atypical parkinsonism syndromes. This observation is relevant since early diagnosis may enable timely treatment and improve quality of life. However, challenges include the necessity of standardizing immunohistochemical analysis techniques and the identification of potential distinct patterns of intraneural alpha-synuclein deposition among synucleinopathies. In this perspective, we explore the scientific and clinical opportunities arising from alpha-synuclein assessment using skin biopsies. These include elucidation of the peripheral nervous system pathology of PD and other synucleinopathies, identification of novel targets to study response to neuroprotective treatment, and improvement of clinical management. Furthermore, we discuss future challenges in exploring the diagnostic value of skin biopsy assessment for alpha-synuclein deposition and implementing the technique in clinical practice. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, diagnosis, skin, immunohistochemistry, biopsySiepmann TIlligens BMBarlinn KDove Medical PressarticlesynucleinopathyskinparkinsonismneuropathyautonomicbiopsyNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol Volume 12, Pp 2731-2735 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	synucleinopathy skin parkinsonism neuropathy autonomic biopsy Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	synucleinopathy skin parkinsonism neuropathy autonomic biopsy Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Siepmann T Illigens BM Barlinn K Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers
description	Timo Siepmann,1 Ben Min-Woo Illigens,2 Kristian Barlinn1 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 2Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Abstract: Despite progression in the development of pharmacological therapy, treatment of alpha synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and some atypical parkinsonism syndromes, is still challenging. To date, our knowledge of the mechanisms whereby the pathological form of alpha-synuclein causes structural and functional damage to the nervous system is limited and, consequently, there is a lack of specific diagnostic tools to evaluate pathology in these patients and differentiate PD from other neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Recent studies indicated that alpha-synuclein deposition in cutaneous small nerve fibers assessed by skin biopsies might be a valid disease marker of PD and facilitate early differentiation of PD from atypical parkinsonism syndromes. This observation is relevant since early diagnosis may enable timely treatment and improve quality of life. However, challenges include the necessity of standardizing immunohistochemical analysis techniques and the identification of potential distinct patterns of intraneural alpha-synuclein deposition among synucleinopathies. In this perspective, we explore the scientific and clinical opportunities arising from alpha-synuclein assessment using skin biopsies. These include elucidation of the peripheral nervous system pathology of PD and other synucleinopathies, identification of novel targets to study response to neuroprotective treatment, and improvement of clinical management. Furthermore, we discuss future challenges in exploring the diagnostic value of skin biopsy assessment for alpha-synuclein deposition and implementing the technique in clinical practice. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, diagnosis, skin, immunohistochemistry, biopsy
format	article
author	Siepmann T Illigens BM Barlinn K
author_facet	Siepmann T Illigens BM Barlinn K
author_sort	Siepmann T
title	Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers
title_short	Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers
title_full	Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers
title_fullStr	Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers
title_full_unstemmed	Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers
title_sort	alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/81cdbd064b66476d882f1a5f87ae59f9
work_keys_str_mv	AT siepmannt alphasynucleinincutaneoussmallnervefibers AT illigensbm alphasynucleinincutaneoussmallnervefibers AT barlinnk alphasynucleinincutaneoussmallnervefibers
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Alpha-synuclein in cutaneous small nerve fibers

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