Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?

ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory...

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Autores principales:	Stephen W. Mamber, Steven Krakowka, Jeffrey Osborn, Lloyd Saberski, Ryan G. Rhodes, Albert E. Dahlberg, Sunthorn Pond-Tor, Kara Fitzgerald, Neal Wright, Sarah Beseme, John McMichael
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 immunomodulatory agents interferon alpha phytocannabinoids thimerosal Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81da9025ab0c4ccba0540c14f25f6b2a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81da9025ab0c4ccba0540c14f25f6b2a2021-11-15T15:30:14ZCan Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?10.1128/mSphere.00288-202379-5042https://doaj.org/article/81da9025ab0c4ccba0540c14f25f6b2a2020-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00288-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, CCL2 protein, and CXCL10 protein. In the absence of proven antiviral agents or an effective vaccine, substances with immunomodulatory activity may be able to inhibit inflammatory and Th1 cytokines and/or yield an anti-inflammatory and/or Th2 immune response to counteract COVID-19 symptoms and severity. This report briefly describes the following four unconventional but commercially accessible immunomodulatory agents that can be employed in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness at alleviating disease symptoms and severity: low-dose oral interferon alpha, microdose DNA, low-dose thimerosal, and phytocannabinoids.Stephen W. MamberSteven KrakowkaJeffrey OsbornLloyd SaberskiRyan G. RhodesAlbert E. DahlbergSunthorn Pond-TorKara FitzgeraldNeal WrightSarah BesemeJohn McMichaelAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2immunomodulatory agentsinterferon alphaphytocannabinoidsthimerosalMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 5, Iss 3 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 immunomodulatory agents interferon alpha phytocannabinoids thimerosal Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 immunomodulatory agents interferon alpha phytocannabinoids thimerosal Microbiology QR1-502 Stephen W. Mamber Steven Krakowka Jeffrey Osborn Lloyd Saberski Ryan G. Rhodes Albert E. Dahlberg Sunthorn Pond-Tor Kara Fitzgerald Neal Wright Sarah Beseme John McMichael Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
description	ABSTRACT Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the respiratory infection known as COVID-19. From an immunopathological standpoint, coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 induce increased levels of a variety of T-helper 1 (Th1) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, CCL2 protein, and CXCL10 protein. In the absence of proven antiviral agents or an effective vaccine, substances with immunomodulatory activity may be able to inhibit inflammatory and Th1 cytokines and/or yield an anti-inflammatory and/or Th2 immune response to counteract COVID-19 symptoms and severity. This report briefly describes the following four unconventional but commercially accessible immunomodulatory agents that can be employed in clinical trials to evaluate their effectiveness at alleviating disease symptoms and severity: low-dose oral interferon alpha, microdose DNA, low-dose thimerosal, and phytocannabinoids.
format	article
author	Stephen W. Mamber Steven Krakowka Jeffrey Osborn Lloyd Saberski Ryan G. Rhodes Albert E. Dahlberg Sunthorn Pond-Tor Kara Fitzgerald Neal Wright Sarah Beseme John McMichael
author_facet	Stephen W. Mamber Steven Krakowka Jeffrey Osborn Lloyd Saberski Ryan G. Rhodes Albert E. Dahlberg Sunthorn Pond-Tor Kara Fitzgerald Neal Wright Sarah Beseme John McMichael
author_sort	Stephen W. Mamber
title	Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
title_short	Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
title_full	Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
title_fullStr	Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
title_full_unstemmed	Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?
title_sort	can unconventional immunomodulatory agents help alleviate covid-19 symptoms and severity?
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/81da9025ab0c4ccba0540c14f25f6b2a
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Can Unconventional Immunomodulatory Agents Help Alleviate COVID-19 Symptoms and Severity?

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