Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature

(1) Background: An accurate prediction of cancer survival is very important for counseling, treatment planning, follow-up, and postoperative risk assessment in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). There has been an increased interest in the development of clinical prognostic models and...

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Autores principales:	Diana Russo, Pierluigi Mariani, Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio, Lucio Lo Russo, Luca Fiorillo, Khrystyna Zhurakivska, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Luigi Laino, Giuseppe Troiano
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	oral squamous cell carcinoma nomograms prognostic models overall survival prognosis systematic review Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81e219eef50f4045a28a892546f16b39
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81e219eef50f4045a28a892546f16b392021-11-25T17:03:40ZDevelopment and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature10.3390/cancers132257552072-6694https://doaj.org/article/81e219eef50f4045a28a892546f16b392021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/22/5755https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694(1) Background: An accurate prediction of cancer survival is very important for counseling, treatment planning, follow-up, and postoperative risk assessment in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). There has been an increased interest in the development of clinical prognostic models and nomograms which are their graphic representation. The study aimed to revise the prognostic performance of clinical-pathological prognostic models with internal validation for OSCC. (2) Methods: This systematic review was performed according to the <i>Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews</i> chapter on searching, the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, and the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS). (3) Results: Six studies evaluating overall survival in patients with OSCC were identified. All studies performed internal validation, while only four models were externally validated. (4) Conclusions: Based on the results of this systematic review, it is possible to state that it is necessary to carry out internal validation and shrinkage to correct overfitting and provide an adequate performance for optimism. Moreover, calibration, discrimination and nonlinearity of continuous predictors should always be examined. To reduce the risk of bias the study design used should be prospective and imputation techniques should always be applied to handle missing data. In addition, the complete equation of the prognostic model must be reported to allow updating, external validation in a new context and the subsequent evaluation of the impact on health outcomes and on the cost-effectiveness of care.Diana RussoPierluigi MarianiVito Carlo Alberto CaponioLucio Lo RussoLuca FiorilloKhrystyna ZhurakivskaLorenzo Lo MuzioLuigi LainoGiuseppe TroianoMDPI AGarticleoral squamous cell carcinomanomogramsprognostic modelsoverall survivalprognosissystematic reviewNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5755, p 5755 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oral squamous cell carcinoma nomograms prognostic models overall survival prognosis systematic review Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	oral squamous cell carcinoma nomograms prognostic models overall survival prognosis systematic review Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Diana Russo Pierluigi Mariani Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio Lucio Lo Russo Luca Fiorillo Khrystyna Zhurakivska Lorenzo Lo Muzio Luigi Laino Giuseppe Troiano Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature
description	(1) Background: An accurate prediction of cancer survival is very important for counseling, treatment planning, follow-up, and postoperative risk assessment in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). There has been an increased interest in the development of clinical prognostic models and nomograms which are their graphic representation. The study aimed to revise the prognostic performance of clinical-pathological prognostic models with internal validation for OSCC. (2) Methods: This systematic review was performed according to the <i>Cochrane Handbook for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Reviews</i> chapter on searching, the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, and the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS). (3) Results: Six studies evaluating overall survival in patients with OSCC were identified. All studies performed internal validation, while only four models were externally validated. (4) Conclusions: Based on the results of this systematic review, it is possible to state that it is necessary to carry out internal validation and shrinkage to correct overfitting and provide an adequate performance for optimism. Moreover, calibration, discrimination and nonlinearity of continuous predictors should always be examined. To reduce the risk of bias the study design used should be prospective and imputation techniques should always be applied to handle missing data. In addition, the complete equation of the prognostic model must be reported to allow updating, external validation in a new context and the subsequent evaluation of the impact on health outcomes and on the cost-effectiveness of care.
format	article
author	Diana Russo Pierluigi Mariani Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio Lucio Lo Russo Luca Fiorillo Khrystyna Zhurakivska Lorenzo Lo Muzio Luigi Laino Giuseppe Troiano
author_facet	Diana Russo Pierluigi Mariani Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio Lucio Lo Russo Luca Fiorillo Khrystyna Zhurakivska Lorenzo Lo Muzio Luigi Laino Giuseppe Troiano
author_sort	Diana Russo
title	Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature
title_short	Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature
title_full	Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature
title_fullStr	Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed	Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature
title_sort	development and validation of prognostic models for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and appraisal of the literature
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/81e219eef50f4045a28a892546f16b39
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Development and Validation of Prognostic Models for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of the Literature

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