Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Kuswanda W, Harahap RH, Alikodra JS, Sibarani R. 2020. Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli orangutans in Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3398-3406. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) has been threatened to extinction due to con...

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Autores principales:	Wanda Kuswanda, R. HAMDANI HARAHAP, HADI S. ALIKODRA, ROBERT SIBARANI
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MBI & UNS Solo 2020
Materias:	batangtoru, conflict, nest, population, tapanuli orangutan Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/81f105e16a77400d825a3d9bb99655a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:81f105e16a77400d825a3d9bb99655a82021-11-22T00:40:51ZNest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia1412-033X2085-472210.13057/biodiv/d210765https://doaj.org/article/81f105e16a77400d825a3d9bb99655a82020-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/5829https://doaj.org/toc/1412-033Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2085-4722Abstract. Kuswanda W, Harahap RH, Alikodra JS, Sibarani R. 2020. Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli orangutans in Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3398-3406. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) has been threatened to extinction due to conflicts with humans. Information on the orangutan characteristics in conflict areas at the Batangtoru Landscape is needed. Our research aimed to analyze the characteristics of nests, nest trees, and estimation of orangutan populations in conservation forests and buffer zones to develop conflict mitigation strategies in the Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District. A line transect method was used to count orangutan nests on 49 transects, starting from June 2019 to January 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency tables, Spearman correlation (rho), and the equation by (van Schaick et al. 1995). Tapanuli orangutans make nests at the height of 14.01 meters (90% CI = 13.37-14.67 meters), and most use the main stem as nest support. Tree nests of 35 species (17 families) were identified, with the highest frequency in (Durio zibethinus Murray), especially in the buffer zone. Correlation between nest tree diameter, tree height, and canopy area was significant (p <0.01, n = 83). The estimated orangutan populations in conflict areas were 155 individuals (95% CI = 121-187), and the highest was found in Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve buffer zones. Mitigation strategy of human-orangutan conflict that needs to be realized is the non-cash compensation guaranteeing the community does not disturb orangutans on their land. The compensation forms can be the provision of seedlings and fertilizer for plants, agricultural machinery, knowledge to land management, and orangutan ecotourism development. Nest and feed trees enrichment can be carried out in production forests bordering with conservation area.Wanda KuswandaR. HAMDANI HARAHAPHADI S. ALIKODRAROBERT SIBARANIMBI & UNS Soloarticlebatangtoru, conflict, nest, population, tapanuli orangutanBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiodiversitas, Vol 21, Iss 7 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	batangtoru, conflict, nest, population, tapanuli orangutan Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	batangtoru, conflict, nest, population, tapanuli orangutan Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Wanda Kuswanda R. HAMDANI HARAHAP HADI S. ALIKODRA ROBERT SIBARANI Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia
description	Abstract. Kuswanda W, Harahap RH, Alikodra JS, Sibarani R. 2020. Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli orangutans in Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3398-3406. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) has been threatened to extinction due to conflicts with humans. Information on the orangutan characteristics in conflict areas at the Batangtoru Landscape is needed. Our research aimed to analyze the characteristics of nests, nest trees, and estimation of orangutan populations in conservation forests and buffer zones to develop conflict mitigation strategies in the Batangtoru Landscape, South Tapanuli District. A line transect method was used to count orangutan nests on 49 transects, starting from June 2019 to January 2020. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency tables, Spearman correlation (rho), and the equation by (van Schaick et al. 1995). Tapanuli orangutans make nests at the height of 14.01 meters (90% CI = 13.37-14.67 meters), and most use the main stem as nest support. Tree nests of 35 species (17 families) were identified, with the highest frequency in (Durio zibethinus Murray), especially in the buffer zone. Correlation between nest tree diameter, tree height, and canopy area was significant (p <0.01, n = 83). The estimated orangutan populations in conflict areas were 155 individuals (95% CI = 121-187), and the highest was found in Dolok Sibualbuali Nature Reserve buffer zones. Mitigation strategy of human-orangutan conflict that needs to be realized is the non-cash compensation guaranteeing the community does not disturb orangutans on their land. The compensation forms can be the provision of seedlings and fertilizer for plants, agricultural machinery, knowledge to land management, and orangutan ecotourism development. Nest and feed trees enrichment can be carried out in production forests bordering with conservation area.
format	article
author	Wanda Kuswanda R. HAMDANI HARAHAP HADI S. ALIKODRA ROBERT SIBARANI
author_facet	Wanda Kuswanda R. HAMDANI HARAHAP HADI S. ALIKODRA ROBERT SIBARANI
author_sort	Wanda Kuswanda
title	Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia
title_short	Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia
title_full	Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia
title_fullStr	Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed	Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia
title_sort	nest characteristics and populations of tapanuli orangutans in the conflict areas, batangtoru landscape, north sumatra, indonesia
publisher	MBI & UNS Solo
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/81f105e16a77400d825a3d9bb99655a8
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Nest characteristics and populations of Tapanuli Orangutans in the conflict areas, Batangtoru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia

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