Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils

Abstract Continuous potassium (K) removal without replenishment is progressively mining Argentinean soils. Our goals were to evaluate the sensitivity of soil-K to K budgets, quantify soil-K changes over time along the soil profile, and identify soil variables that regulate soil-K depletion. Four on-...

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Autores principales:	Adrian A. Correndo, Gerardo Rubio, Fernando O. García, Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/820a9f5b0b934b3c816426048f6c3219
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:820a9f5b0b934b3c816426048f6c32192021-12-02T18:24:53ZSubsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils10.1038/s41598-021-90297-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/820a9f5b0b934b3c816426048f6c32192021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90297-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Continuous potassium (K) removal without replenishment is progressively mining Argentinean soils. Our goals were to evaluate the sensitivity of soil-K to K budgets, quantify soil-K changes over time along the soil profile, and identify soil variables that regulate soil-K depletion. Four on-farm trials under two crop rotations including maize, wheat and soybean were evaluated. Three treatments were compared: (1) control (no fertilizer applied); (2) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilizers -NPS-; and (3) pristine condition. After nine years, crops removed from 258 to 556 kg K ha−1. Only two sites showed a decline in the exchangeable-K levels at 0–20 cm but unrelated to K budget. Topsoil exchangeable-K levels under agriculture resulted 48% lower than their pristine conditions, although still above response levels. Both soil exchangeable-K and slowly-exchangeable K vertical distribution patterns (0–100 cm) displayed substantial depletion relative to pristine conditions, mainly concentrated at subsoil (20–100 cm), with 55–83% for exchangeable-K, and 74–95% for slowly-exchangeable-K. Higher pristine levels of exchangeable-K and slowly-exchangeable-K and lower clay and silt contents resulted in higher soil-K depletion. Soil K management guidelines should consider both topsoil and subsoil nutrient status and variables related to soil K buffer capacity.Adrian A. CorrendoGerardo RubioFernando O. GarcíaIgnacio A. CiampittiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Adrian A. Correndo Gerardo Rubio Fernando O. García Ignacio A. Ciampitti Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils
description	Abstract Continuous potassium (K) removal without replenishment is progressively mining Argentinean soils. Our goals were to evaluate the sensitivity of soil-K to K budgets, quantify soil-K changes over time along the soil profile, and identify soil variables that regulate soil-K depletion. Four on-farm trials under two crop rotations including maize, wheat and soybean were evaluated. Three treatments were compared: (1) control (no fertilizer applied); (2) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilizers -NPS-; and (3) pristine condition. After nine years, crops removed from 258 to 556 kg K ha−1. Only two sites showed a decline in the exchangeable-K levels at 0–20 cm but unrelated to K budget. Topsoil exchangeable-K levels under agriculture resulted 48% lower than their pristine conditions, although still above response levels. Both soil exchangeable-K and slowly-exchangeable K vertical distribution patterns (0–100 cm) displayed substantial depletion relative to pristine conditions, mainly concentrated at subsoil (20–100 cm), with 55–83% for exchangeable-K, and 74–95% for slowly-exchangeable-K. Higher pristine levels of exchangeable-K and slowly-exchangeable-K and lower clay and silt contents resulted in higher soil-K depletion. Soil K management guidelines should consider both topsoil and subsoil nutrient status and variables related to soil K buffer capacity.
format	article
author	Adrian A. Correndo Gerardo Rubio Fernando O. García Ignacio A. Ciampitti
author_facet	Adrian A. Correndo Gerardo Rubio Fernando O. García Ignacio A. Ciampitti
author_sort	Adrian A. Correndo
title	Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils
title_short	Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils
title_full	Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils
title_fullStr	Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils
title_full_unstemmed	Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils
title_sort	subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/820a9f5b0b934b3c816426048f6c3219
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Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils

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