Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).

A strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) of Asian origin associated with birth defects and neurological disorders has emerged and spread through the Americas. ZIKV was first isolated in the blood of nonhuman primates in Africa and has been detected in the blood, saliva, and urine of a few catarrhine species in...

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Autores principales:	Krista M Milich, Benjamin J Koestler, Joe H Simmons, Pramod N Nehete, Anthony Di Fiore, Lawrence E Williams, Jaquelin P Dudley, John Vanchiere, Shelley M Payne
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/82184dfb1dcd446db5a11f6f3c0de346
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:82184dfb1dcd446db5a11f6f3c0de3462021-12-02T20:11:31ZMethods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0209391https://doaj.org/article/82184dfb1dcd446db5a11f6f3c0de3462018-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209391https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203A strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) of Asian origin associated with birth defects and neurological disorders has emerged and spread through the Americas. ZIKV was first isolated in the blood of nonhuman primates in Africa and has been detected in the blood, saliva, and urine of a few catarrhine species in both Africa and Asia, suggesting that nonhuman primates may serve as both a source and a reservoir of the virus. The recent introduction of ZIKV to human populations in the Americas presents the potential for the virus to spread into nonhuman primate reservoirs. Thus, it is critical to develop efficient and noninvasive detection methods to monitor the spread of the virus in wild nonhuman primate populations. Here, we describe a method for ZIKV detection in noninvasively collected fecal samples of a Neotropical primate. Fecal samples were collected from two captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) that were experimentally infected with ZIKV (Strain Mexico_1_44) and an additional two uninfected squirrel monkeys. Nucleic acids were extracted from these samples, and RT-qPCR was used to assay for the presence of ZIKV using primers flanking a 101 bp region of the NS5 gene. In both ZIKV-inoculated animals, ZIKV was detected 5-11 days post-infection, but was not detected in the uninfected animals. We compare the fecal results to ZIKV detection in serum, saliva, and urine samples from the same individuals. Our results indicate that fecal detection is a cost-effective, noninvasive method for monitoring wild populations of Neotropical primates as possible ZIKV reservoirs.Krista M MilichBenjamin J KoestlerJoe H SimmonsPramod N NeheteAnthony Di FioreLawrence E WilliamsJaquelin P DudleyJohn VanchiereShelley M PaynePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 12, p e0209391 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Krista M Milich Benjamin J Koestler Joe H Simmons Pramod N Nehete Anthony Di Fiore Lawrence E Williams Jaquelin P Dudley John Vanchiere Shelley M Payne Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).
description	A strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) of Asian origin associated with birth defects and neurological disorders has emerged and spread through the Americas. ZIKV was first isolated in the blood of nonhuman primates in Africa and has been detected in the blood, saliva, and urine of a few catarrhine species in both Africa and Asia, suggesting that nonhuman primates may serve as both a source and a reservoir of the virus. The recent introduction of ZIKV to human populations in the Americas presents the potential for the virus to spread into nonhuman primate reservoirs. Thus, it is critical to develop efficient and noninvasive detection methods to monitor the spread of the virus in wild nonhuman primate populations. Here, we describe a method for ZIKV detection in noninvasively collected fecal samples of a Neotropical primate. Fecal samples were collected from two captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) that were experimentally infected with ZIKV (Strain Mexico_1_44) and an additional two uninfected squirrel monkeys. Nucleic acids were extracted from these samples, and RT-qPCR was used to assay for the presence of ZIKV using primers flanking a 101 bp region of the NS5 gene. In both ZIKV-inoculated animals, ZIKV was detected 5-11 days post-infection, but was not detected in the uninfected animals. We compare the fecal results to ZIKV detection in serum, saliva, and urine samples from the same individuals. Our results indicate that fecal detection is a cost-effective, noninvasive method for monitoring wild populations of Neotropical primates as possible ZIKV reservoirs.
format	article
author	Krista M Milich Benjamin J Koestler Joe H Simmons Pramod N Nehete Anthony Di Fiore Lawrence E Williams Jaquelin P Dudley John Vanchiere Shelley M Payne
author_facet	Krista M Milich Benjamin J Koestler Joe H Simmons Pramod N Nehete Anthony Di Fiore Lawrence E Williams Jaquelin P Dudley John Vanchiere Shelley M Payne
author_sort	Krista M Milich
title	Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).
title_short	Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).
title_full	Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).
title_fullStr	Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).
title_full_unstemmed	Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).
title_sort	methods for detecting zika virus in feces: a case study in captive squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/82184dfb1dcd446db5a11f6f3c0de346
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Methods for detecting Zika virus in feces: A case study in captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).

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