B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies

Background: Patients with primary antibody deficiencies are at risk in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their impaired response to infection and vaccination. Specifically, patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) generated poor spike-specific antibody and T cell responses after immu...

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Autores principales:	Federica Pulvirenti, Ane Fernandez Salinas, Cinzia Milito, Sara Terreri, Eva Piano Mortari, Concetta Quintarelli, Stefano Di Cecca, Gianluca Lagnese, Alessandra Punziano, Marika Guercio, Livia Bonanni, Stefania Auria, Francesca Villani, Christian Albano, Franco Locatelli, Giuseppe Spadaro, Rita Carsetti, Isabella Quinti
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	common variable immunodeficiencies SARS-CoV-2 COVID-1 BNT162b2 vaccine third dose Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/822e5cbd55774323bc3b29c8133a67df
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:822e5cbd55774323bc3b29c8133a67df2021-11-25T17:08:51ZB Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies10.3390/cells101129152073-4409https://doaj.org/article/822e5cbd55774323bc3b29c8133a67df2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2915https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Background: Patients with primary antibody deficiencies are at risk in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their impaired response to infection and vaccination. Specifically, patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) generated poor spike-specific antibody and T cell responses after immunization. Methods: Thirty-four CVID convalescent patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 38 CVID patients immunized with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and 20 SARS-CoV-2 CVID convalescents later and immunized with BNT162b2 were analyzed for the anti-spike IgG production and the generation of spike-specific memory B cells and T cells. Results: Spike-specific IgG was induced more frequently after infection than after vaccination (82% vs. 34%). The antibody response was boosted in convalescents by vaccination. Although immunized patients generated atypical memory B cells possibly by extra-follicular or incomplete germinal center reactions, convalescents responded to infection by generating spike-specific memory B cells that were improved by the subsequent immunization. Poor spike-specific T cell responses were measured independently from the immunological challenge. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection primed a more efficient classical memory B cell response, whereas the BNT162b2 vaccine induced non-canonical B cell responses in CVID. Natural infection responses were boosted by subsequent immunization, suggesting the possibility to further stimulate the immune response by additional vaccine doses in CVID.Federica PulvirentiAne Fernandez SalinasCinzia MilitoSara TerreriEva Piano MortariConcetta QuintarelliStefano Di CeccaGianluca LagneseAlessandra PunzianoMarika GuercioLivia BonanniStefania AuriaFrancesca VillaniChristian AlbanoFranco LocatelliGiuseppe SpadaroRita CarsettiIsabella QuintiMDPI AGarticlecommon variable immunodeficienciesSARS-CoV-2COVID-1BNT162b2vaccinethird doseBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2915, p 2915 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	common variable immunodeficiencies SARS-CoV-2 COVID-1 BNT162b2 vaccine third dose Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	common variable immunodeficiencies SARS-CoV-2 COVID-1 BNT162b2 vaccine third dose Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Federica Pulvirenti Ane Fernandez Salinas Cinzia Milito Sara Terreri Eva Piano Mortari Concetta Quintarelli Stefano Di Cecca Gianluca Lagnese Alessandra Punziano Marika Guercio Livia Bonanni Stefania Auria Francesca Villani Christian Albano Franco Locatelli Giuseppe Spadaro Rita Carsetti Isabella Quinti B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies
description	Background: Patients with primary antibody deficiencies are at risk in the current COVID-19 pandemic due to their impaired response to infection and vaccination. Specifically, patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) generated poor spike-specific antibody and T cell responses after immunization. Methods: Thirty-four CVID convalescent patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 38 CVID patients immunized with two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, and 20 SARS-CoV-2 CVID convalescents later and immunized with BNT162b2 were analyzed for the anti-spike IgG production and the generation of spike-specific memory B cells and T cells. Results: Spike-specific IgG was induced more frequently after infection than after vaccination (82% vs. 34%). The antibody response was boosted in convalescents by vaccination. Although immunized patients generated atypical memory B cells possibly by extra-follicular or incomplete germinal center reactions, convalescents responded to infection by generating spike-specific memory B cells that were improved by the subsequent immunization. Poor spike-specific T cell responses were measured independently from the immunological challenge. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infection primed a more efficient classical memory B cell response, whereas the BNT162b2 vaccine induced non-canonical B cell responses in CVID. Natural infection responses were boosted by subsequent immunization, suggesting the possibility to further stimulate the immune response by additional vaccine doses in CVID.
format	article
author	Federica Pulvirenti Ane Fernandez Salinas Cinzia Milito Sara Terreri Eva Piano Mortari Concetta Quintarelli Stefano Di Cecca Gianluca Lagnese Alessandra Punziano Marika Guercio Livia Bonanni Stefania Auria Francesca Villani Christian Albano Franco Locatelli Giuseppe Spadaro Rita Carsetti Isabella Quinti
author_facet	Federica Pulvirenti Ane Fernandez Salinas Cinzia Milito Sara Terreri Eva Piano Mortari Concetta Quintarelli Stefano Di Cecca Gianluca Lagnese Alessandra Punziano Marika Guercio Livia Bonanni Stefania Auria Francesca Villani Christian Albano Franco Locatelli Giuseppe Spadaro Rita Carsetti Isabella Quinti
author_sort	Federica Pulvirenti
title	B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_short	B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_full	B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_fullStr	B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_full_unstemmed	B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies
title_sort	b cell response induced by sars-cov-2 infection is boosted by the bnt162b2 vaccine in primary antibody deficiencies
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/822e5cbd55774323bc3b29c8133a67df
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B Cell Response Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Boosted by the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Primary Antibody Deficiencies

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