Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis

ABSTRACT In horizontally transmitted symbioses, structural, biochemical, and molecular features both facilitate host colonization by specific symbionts and mediate their persistent carriage. In the association between the squid Euprymna scolopes and its luminous bacterial partner Vibrio fischeri, th...

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Autores principales:	Natacha Kremer, Eric J. Koch, Adil El Filali, Lawrence Zhou, Elizabeth A. C. Heath-Heckman, Edward G. Ruby, Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Euprymna scolopes Vibrio fischeri accommodation development persistent symbiosis transcriptomics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8236e9b396234e119ce63810f5501d3f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8236e9b396234e119ce63810f5501d3f2021-12-02T18:39:46ZPersistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis10.1128/mSystems.00165-182379-5077https://doaj.org/article/8236e9b396234e119ce63810f5501d3f2018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00165-18https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT In horizontally transmitted symbioses, structural, biochemical, and molecular features both facilitate host colonization by specific symbionts and mediate their persistent carriage. In the association between the squid Euprymna scolopes and its luminous bacterial partner Vibrio fischeri, the symbionts interact with two epithelial fields; they interact (i) transiently with the superficial ciliated field that potentiates colonization and regresses within days of colonization and (ii) persistently with the cells that line the internal crypts, whose ultrastructure changes in response to the symbionts. Development of the association creates conditions that promote the symbiotic partner over the lifetime of the host. To determine whether light organ maturation requires continuous interactions with V. fischeri or only the signaling that occurs during its initiation, we compared 4-week-old squid that were uncolonized with those colonized either persistently by wild-type V. fischeri or transiently by a V. fischeri mutant that triggers early events in morphogenesis but does not persist. Microscopic analysis of the light organs showed that, while morphogenesis of the superficial ciliated field is greatly accelerated by V. fischeri colonization, its eventual outcome is largely independent of colonization state. In contrast, the symbiont-induced changes in crypt cell shape require persistent host-symbiont interaction, reflected in the similarity between uncolonized and transiently colonized animals. Transcriptomic analyses reflected the microscopy results; host gene expression at 4 weeks was due primarily to the persistent interactions of host and symbiont cells. Further, the transcriptomic signature of specific pathways reflected the daily rhythm of symbiont release and regrowth and required the presence of the symbionts. IMPORTANCE A long-term relationship between symbiotic partners is often characterized by development and maturation of host structures that harbor the symbiont cells over the host’s lifetime. To understand the mechanisms involved in symbiosis maintenance more fully, we studied the mature bobtail squid, whose light-emitting organ, under experimental conditions, can be transiently or persistently colonized by Vibrio fischeri or remain uncolonized. Superficial anatomical changes in the organ were largely independent of symbiosis. However, both the microanatomy of cells with which symbionts interact and the patterns of gene expression in the mature animal were due principally to the persistent interactions of host and symbiont cells rather than to a response to early colonization events. Further, the characteristic pronounced daily rhythm on the host transcriptome required persistent V. fischeri colonization of the organ. This experimental study provides a window into how persistent symbiotic colonization influences the form and function of host animal tissues.Natacha KremerEric J. KochAdil El FilaliLawrence ZhouElizabeth A. C. Heath-HeckmanEdward G. RubyMargaret J. McFall-NgaiAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleEuprymna scolopesVibrio fischeriaccommodationdevelopmentpersistent symbiosistranscriptomicsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 3, Iss 5 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Euprymna scolopes Vibrio fischeri accommodation development persistent symbiosis transcriptomics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Euprymna scolopes Vibrio fischeri accommodation development persistent symbiosis transcriptomics Microbiology QR1-502 Natacha Kremer Eric J. Koch Adil El Filali Lawrence Zhou Elizabeth A. C. Heath-Heckman Edward G. Ruby Margaret J. McFall-Ngai Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis
description	ABSTRACT In horizontally transmitted symbioses, structural, biochemical, and molecular features both facilitate host colonization by specific symbionts and mediate their persistent carriage. In the association between the squid Euprymna scolopes and its luminous bacterial partner Vibrio fischeri, the symbionts interact with two epithelial fields; they interact (i) transiently with the superficial ciliated field that potentiates colonization and regresses within days of colonization and (ii) persistently with the cells that line the internal crypts, whose ultrastructure changes in response to the symbionts. Development of the association creates conditions that promote the symbiotic partner over the lifetime of the host. To determine whether light organ maturation requires continuous interactions with V. fischeri or only the signaling that occurs during its initiation, we compared 4-week-old squid that were uncolonized with those colonized either persistently by wild-type V. fischeri or transiently by a V. fischeri mutant that triggers early events in morphogenesis but does not persist. Microscopic analysis of the light organs showed that, while morphogenesis of the superficial ciliated field is greatly accelerated by V. fischeri colonization, its eventual outcome is largely independent of colonization state. In contrast, the symbiont-induced changes in crypt cell shape require persistent host-symbiont interaction, reflected in the similarity between uncolonized and transiently colonized animals. Transcriptomic analyses reflected the microscopy results; host gene expression at 4 weeks was due primarily to the persistent interactions of host and symbiont cells. Further, the transcriptomic signature of specific pathways reflected the daily rhythm of symbiont release and regrowth and required the presence of the symbionts. IMPORTANCE A long-term relationship between symbiotic partners is often characterized by development and maturation of host structures that harbor the symbiont cells over the host’s lifetime. To understand the mechanisms involved in symbiosis maintenance more fully, we studied the mature bobtail squid, whose light-emitting organ, under experimental conditions, can be transiently or persistently colonized by Vibrio fischeri or remain uncolonized. Superficial anatomical changes in the organ were largely independent of symbiosis. However, both the microanatomy of cells with which symbionts interact and the patterns of gene expression in the mature animal were due principally to the persistent interactions of host and symbiont cells rather than to a response to early colonization events. Further, the characteristic pronounced daily rhythm on the host transcriptome required persistent V. fischeri colonization of the organ. This experimental study provides a window into how persistent symbiotic colonization influences the form and function of host animal tissues.
format	article
author	Natacha Kremer Eric J. Koch Adil El Filali Lawrence Zhou Elizabeth A. C. Heath-Heckman Edward G. Ruby Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
author_facet	Natacha Kremer Eric J. Koch Adil El Filali Lawrence Zhou Elizabeth A. C. Heath-Heckman Edward G. Ruby Margaret J. McFall-Ngai
author_sort	Natacha Kremer
title	Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis
title_short	Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis
title_full	Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis
title_fullStr	Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis
title_full_unstemmed	Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis
title_sort	persistent interactions with bacterial symbionts direct mature-host cell morphology and gene expression in the squid-vibrio symbiosis
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/8236e9b396234e119ce63810f5501d3f
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Persistent Interactions with Bacterial Symbionts Direct Mature-Host Cell Morphology and Gene Expression in the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis

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