Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.

At present, global immunity to SARS-CoV-2 resides within a heterogeneous combination of susceptible, naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. The extent to which viral shedding and transmission occurs on re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is an important determinant of the rate at which COVID-19 achiev...

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Autores principales:	Caroline J Zeiss, Jennifer L Asher, Brent Vander Wyk, Heather G Allore, Susan R Compton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/825d0863d60046b7aa8b0717fd9673c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:825d0863d60046b7aa8b0717fd9673c72021-12-02T20:16:13ZModeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0260038https://doaj.org/article/825d0863d60046b7aa8b0717fd9673c72021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260038https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203At present, global immunity to SARS-CoV-2 resides within a heterogeneous combination of susceptible, naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. The extent to which viral shedding and transmission occurs on re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is an important determinant of the rate at which COVID-19 achieves endemic stability. We used Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) in rats to model the extent to which immune protection afforded by prior natural infection via high risk (inoculation; direct contact) or low risk (fomite) exposure, or by vaccination, influenced viral shedding and transmission on re-exposure. On initial infection, we confirmed that amount, duration and consistency of viral shedding, and seroconversion rates were correlated with exposure risk. Animals were reinfected after 3.7-5.5 months using the same exposure paradigm. 59% of seropositive animals shed virus, although at lower amounts. Previously exposed seropositive reinfected animals were able to transmit virus to 25% of naive recipient rats after 24-hour exposure by direct contact. Rats vaccinated intranasally with a related virus (Parker's Rat Coronavirus) were able to transmit SDAV to only 4.7% of naive animals after a 7-day direct contact exposure, despite comparable viral shedding. Cycle threshold values associated with transmission in both groups ranged from 29-36 cycles. Observed shedding was not a prerequisite for transmission. Results indicate that low-level shedding in both naturally infected and vaccinated seropositive animals can propagate infection in susceptible individuals. Extrapolated to COVID-19, our results suggest that continued propagation of SARS-CoV-2 by seropositive previously infected or vaccinated individuals is possible.Caroline J ZeissJennifer L AsherBrent Vander WykHeather G AlloreSusan R ComptonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0260038 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Caroline J Zeiss Jennifer L Asher Brent Vander Wyk Heather G Allore Susan R Compton Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.
description	At present, global immunity to SARS-CoV-2 resides within a heterogeneous combination of susceptible, naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. The extent to which viral shedding and transmission occurs on re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is an important determinant of the rate at which COVID-19 achieves endemic stability. We used Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) in rats to model the extent to which immune protection afforded by prior natural infection via high risk (inoculation; direct contact) or low risk (fomite) exposure, or by vaccination, influenced viral shedding and transmission on re-exposure. On initial infection, we confirmed that amount, duration and consistency of viral shedding, and seroconversion rates were correlated with exposure risk. Animals were reinfected after 3.7-5.5 months using the same exposure paradigm. 59% of seropositive animals shed virus, although at lower amounts. Previously exposed seropositive reinfected animals were able to transmit virus to 25% of naive recipient rats after 24-hour exposure by direct contact. Rats vaccinated intranasally with a related virus (Parker's Rat Coronavirus) were able to transmit SDAV to only 4.7% of naive animals after a 7-day direct contact exposure, despite comparable viral shedding. Cycle threshold values associated with transmission in both groups ranged from 29-36 cycles. Observed shedding was not a prerequisite for transmission. Results indicate that low-level shedding in both naturally infected and vaccinated seropositive animals can propagate infection in susceptible individuals. Extrapolated to COVID-19, our results suggest that continued propagation of SARS-CoV-2 by seropositive previously infected or vaccinated individuals is possible.
format	article
author	Caroline J Zeiss Jennifer L Asher Brent Vander Wyk Heather G Allore Susan R Compton
author_facet	Caroline J Zeiss Jennifer L Asher Brent Vander Wyk Heather G Allore Susan R Compton
author_sort	Caroline J Zeiss
title	Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.
title_short	Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.
title_full	Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.
title_fullStr	Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.
title_full_unstemmed	Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.
title_sort	modeling sars-cov-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/825d0863d60046b7aa8b0717fd9673c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT carolinejzeiss modelingsarscov2propagationusingratcoronavirusassociatedsheddingandtransmission AT jenniferlasher modelingsarscov2propagationusingratcoronavirusassociatedsheddingandtransmission AT brentvanderwyk modelingsarscov2propagationusingratcoronavirusassociatedsheddingandtransmission AT heathergallore modelingsarscov2propagationusingratcoronavirusassociatedsheddingandtransmission AT susanrcompton modelingsarscov2propagationusingratcoronavirusassociatedsheddingandtransmission
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Modeling SARS-CoV-2 propagation using rat coronavirus-associated shedding and transmission.

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