Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain

Background: Slow stroking touch is generally perceived as pleasant and reduces thermal pain. However, the tactile stimuli applied tend to be short-lasting and typically applied to the forearm. This study aimed to compare the effects of a long-lasting brushing stimulus applied to the facial region an...

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Autores principales:	Pankaj Taneja, Lene Baad-Hansen, Sumaiya Shaikh, Peter Svensson, Håkan Olausson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	orofacial pain satiety pleasantness unpleasantness C-tactile afferent Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/82613f26e69b4b048c8b43707563a739
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:82613f26e69b4b048c8b43707563a7392021-11-22T04:39:04ZRobotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain2673-561X10.3389/fpain.2021.693987https://doaj.org/article/82613f26e69b4b048c8b43707563a7392021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2021.693987/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-561XBackground: Slow stroking touch is generally perceived as pleasant and reduces thermal pain. However, the tactile stimuli applied tend to be short-lasting and typically applied to the forearm. This study aimed to compare the effects of a long-lasting brushing stimulus applied to the facial region and the forearm on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) taken on the hand. Outcome measurements were touch satiety and concurrent mechanical pain thresholds of the hand.Methods: A total of 24 participants were recruited and randomized to receive continuous stroking, utilizing a robotic stimulator, at C-tactile (CT) favorable (3 cm/s) and non-favorable (30 cm/s) velocities applied to the right face or forearm. Ratings of touch pleasantness and unpleasantness and PPTs from the hypothenar muscle of the right hand were collected at the start of stroking and once per minute for 5 min.Results: A reduction in PPTs (increased pain sensitivity) was observed over time (P < 0.001). However, the increase in pain sensitivity was less prominent when the face was stroked compared to the forearm (P = 0.001). Continuous stroking resulted in a significant interaction between region and time (P = 0.008) on pleasantness ratings, with a decline in ratings observed over time for the forearm, but not on the face. Unpleasantness ratings were generally low.Conclusion: We observed touch satiety for 5 min of continuous robotic brushing on the forearm confirming previous studies. However, we did not observe any touch satiety for brushing the face. Mechanical pain sensitivity, measured in the hand, increased over the 5-min period but less so when paired with brushing on the face than with brushing on the forearm. The differential effects of brushing on the face and forearm on touch satiety and pain modulation may be by the differences in the emotional relevance and neuronal pathways involved.Pankaj TanejaPankaj TanejaLene Baad-HansenLene Baad-HansenSumaiya ShaikhPeter SvenssonPeter SvenssonPeter SvenssonHåkan OlaussonFrontiers Media S.A.articleorofacial painsatietypleasantnessunpleasantnessC-tactile afferentNeurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENFrontiers in Pain Research, Vol 2 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	orofacial pain satiety pleasantness unpleasantness C-tactile afferent Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	orofacial pain satiety pleasantness unpleasantness C-tactile afferent Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Pankaj Taneja Pankaj Taneja Lene Baad-Hansen Lene Baad-Hansen Sumaiya Shaikh Peter Svensson Peter Svensson Peter Svensson Håkan Olausson Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain
description	Background: Slow stroking touch is generally perceived as pleasant and reduces thermal pain. However, the tactile stimuli applied tend to be short-lasting and typically applied to the forearm. This study aimed to compare the effects of a long-lasting brushing stimulus applied to the facial region and the forearm on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) taken on the hand. Outcome measurements were touch satiety and concurrent mechanical pain thresholds of the hand.Methods: A total of 24 participants were recruited and randomized to receive continuous stroking, utilizing a robotic stimulator, at C-tactile (CT) favorable (3 cm/s) and non-favorable (30 cm/s) velocities applied to the right face or forearm. Ratings of touch pleasantness and unpleasantness and PPTs from the hypothenar muscle of the right hand were collected at the start of stroking and once per minute for 5 min.Results: A reduction in PPTs (increased pain sensitivity) was observed over time (P < 0.001). However, the increase in pain sensitivity was less prominent when the face was stroked compared to the forearm (P = 0.001). Continuous stroking resulted in a significant interaction between region and time (P = 0.008) on pleasantness ratings, with a decline in ratings observed over time for the forearm, but not on the face. Unpleasantness ratings were generally low.Conclusion: We observed touch satiety for 5 min of continuous robotic brushing on the forearm confirming previous studies. However, we did not observe any touch satiety for brushing the face. Mechanical pain sensitivity, measured in the hand, increased over the 5-min period but less so when paired with brushing on the face than with brushing on the forearm. The differential effects of brushing on the face and forearm on touch satiety and pain modulation may be by the differences in the emotional relevance and neuronal pathways involved.
format	article
author	Pankaj Taneja Pankaj Taneja Lene Baad-Hansen Lene Baad-Hansen Sumaiya Shaikh Peter Svensson Peter Svensson Peter Svensson Håkan Olausson
author_facet	Pankaj Taneja Pankaj Taneja Lene Baad-Hansen Lene Baad-Hansen Sumaiya Shaikh Peter Svensson Peter Svensson Peter Svensson Håkan Olausson
author_sort	Pankaj Taneja
title	Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain
title_short	Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain
title_full	Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain
title_fullStr	Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain
title_full_unstemmed	Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain
title_sort	robotic stroking on the face and forearm: touch satiety and effects on mechanical pain
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/82613f26e69b4b048c8b43707563a739
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Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain

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