Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has caused several pandemics throughout history and remains endemic in the rodent populations of the western United States. More recently, Y. pestis is one of several bacterial pathogens considered to be a potential agent of bioterrorism. Thus, elucida...

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Autores principales:	David R Pawlowski, Daniel J Metzger, Amy Raslawsky, Amy Howlett, Gretchen Siebert, Richard J Karalus, Stephanie Garrett, Chris A Whitehouse
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8275670ed36546aca139a18a544521ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8275670ed36546aca139a18a544521ea2021-11-18T06:57:14ZEntry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0017585https://doaj.org/article/8275670ed36546aca139a18a544521ea2011-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21436885/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has caused several pandemics throughout history and remains endemic in the rodent populations of the western United States. More recently, Y. pestis is one of several bacterial pathogens considered to be a potential agent of bioterrorism. Thus, elucidating potential mechanisms of survival and persistence in the environment would be important in the event of an intentional release of the organism. One such mechanism is entry into the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, as has been demonstrated for several other bacterial pathogens. In this study, we showed that Y. pestis became nonculturable by normal laboratory methods after 21 days in a low-temperature tap water microcosm. We further show evidence that, after the loss of culturability, the cells remained viable by using a variety of criteria, including cellular membrane integrity, uptake and incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids, and protection of genomic DNA from DNase I digestion. Additionally, we identified morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of Y. pestis VBNC cells, such as cell rounding and large periplasmic spaces, by electron microscopy, which are consistent with entry into the VBNC state in other bacteria. Finally, we demonstrated resuscitation of a small number of the non-culturable cells. This study provides compelling evidence that Y. pestis persists in a low-temperature tap water microcosm in a viable state yet is unable to be cultured under normal laboratory conditions, which may prove useful in risk assessment and remediation efforts, particularly in the event of an intentional release of this organism.David R PawlowskiDaniel J MetzgerAmy RaslawskyAmy HowlettGretchen SiebertRichard J KaralusStephanie GarrettChris A WhitehousePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 3, p e17585 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q David R Pawlowski Daniel J Metzger Amy Raslawsky Amy Howlett Gretchen Siebert Richard J Karalus Stephanie Garrett Chris A Whitehouse Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.
description	Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, has caused several pandemics throughout history and remains endemic in the rodent populations of the western United States. More recently, Y. pestis is one of several bacterial pathogens considered to be a potential agent of bioterrorism. Thus, elucidating potential mechanisms of survival and persistence in the environment would be important in the event of an intentional release of the organism. One such mechanism is entry into the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, as has been demonstrated for several other bacterial pathogens. In this study, we showed that Y. pestis became nonculturable by normal laboratory methods after 21 days in a low-temperature tap water microcosm. We further show evidence that, after the loss of culturability, the cells remained viable by using a variety of criteria, including cellular membrane integrity, uptake and incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids, and protection of genomic DNA from DNase I digestion. Additionally, we identified morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of Y. pestis VBNC cells, such as cell rounding and large periplasmic spaces, by electron microscopy, which are consistent with entry into the VBNC state in other bacteria. Finally, we demonstrated resuscitation of a small number of the non-culturable cells. This study provides compelling evidence that Y. pestis persists in a low-temperature tap water microcosm in a viable state yet is unable to be cultured under normal laboratory conditions, which may prove useful in risk assessment and remediation efforts, particularly in the event of an intentional release of this organism.
format	article
author	David R Pawlowski Daniel J Metzger Amy Raslawsky Amy Howlett Gretchen Siebert Richard J Karalus Stephanie Garrett Chris A Whitehouse
author_facet	David R Pawlowski Daniel J Metzger Amy Raslawsky Amy Howlett Gretchen Siebert Richard J Karalus Stephanie Garrett Chris A Whitehouse
author_sort	David R Pawlowski
title	Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.
title_short	Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.
title_full	Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.
title_fullStr	Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.
title_full_unstemmed	Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.
title_sort	entry of yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/8275670ed36546aca139a18a544521ea
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Entry of Yersinia pestis into the viable but nonculturable state in a low-temperature tap water microcosm.

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