Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms represent an unmet need for schizophrenia treatment. The effect of theta frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (theta-tACS) applied during working memory (WM) tasks on negative symptoms has not been demonstrated as of yet. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, s...

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Autores principales:	Chuan-Chia Chang, Cathy Chia-Yu Huang, Yong-An Chung, Jooyeon Jamie Im, Yen-Yue Lin, Chin-Chao Ma, Nian-Sheng Tzeng, Hsin-An Chang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	transcranial alternating current stimulation online stimulation frontoparietal theta coupling schizophrenia negative symptoms working memory Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8291b76b8c3d423eb0b1320e895e857a
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:8291b76b8c3d423eb0b1320e895e857a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8291b76b8c3d423eb0b1320e895e857a2021-11-25T18:07:18ZOnline Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia10.3390/jpm111111142075-4426https://doaj.org/article/8291b76b8c3d423eb0b1320e895e857a2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1114https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4426Negative symptoms represent an unmet need for schizophrenia treatment. The effect of theta frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (theta-tACS) applied during working memory (WM) tasks on negative symptoms has not been demonstrated as of yet. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of 36 stabilized schizophrenia patients, randomized to receive either twice daily, 6 Hz 2 mA, 20 min sessions of in-phase frontoparietal tACS or sham for five consecutive weekdays. Participants were concurrently engaged in WM tasks during stimulation. The primary outcome measure was the change over time in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative subscale score measured from baseline through to the 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were other symptom clusters, neurocognitive performance, and relevant outcomes. The intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated greater reductions in PANSS negative subscale scores at the end of stimulation in the active (−13.84%) than the sham (−3.78%) condition, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.96, <i>p</i> = 0.006). The positive effect endured for at least one month. Theta-tACS also showed efficacies for cognitive symptoms, WM capacity, and psychosocial functions. Online theta-tACS offers a novel approach to modulate frontoparietal networks to treat negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The promising results require large-scale replication studies in patients with predominantly negative symptoms.Chuan-Chia ChangCathy Chia-Yu HuangYong-An ChungJooyeon Jamie ImYen-Yue LinChin-Chao MaNian-Sheng TzengHsin-An ChangMDPI AGarticletranscranial alternating current stimulationonline stimulationfrontoparietal theta couplingschizophrenianegative symptomsworking memoryMedicineRENJournal of Personalized Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1114, p 1114 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	transcranial alternating current stimulation online stimulation frontoparietal theta coupling schizophrenia negative symptoms working memory Medicine R
spellingShingle	transcranial alternating current stimulation online stimulation frontoparietal theta coupling schizophrenia negative symptoms working memory Medicine R Chuan-Chia Chang Cathy Chia-Yu Huang Yong-An Chung Jooyeon Jamie Im Yen-Yue Lin Chin-Chao Ma Nian-Sheng Tzeng Hsin-An Chang Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
description	Negative symptoms represent an unmet need for schizophrenia treatment. The effect of theta frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (theta-tACS) applied during working memory (WM) tasks on negative symptoms has not been demonstrated as of yet. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial of 36 stabilized schizophrenia patients, randomized to receive either twice daily, 6 Hz 2 mA, 20 min sessions of in-phase frontoparietal tACS or sham for five consecutive weekdays. Participants were concurrently engaged in WM tasks during stimulation. The primary outcome measure was the change over time in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative subscale score measured from baseline through to the 1-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures were other symptom clusters, neurocognitive performance, and relevant outcomes. The intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated greater reductions in PANSS negative subscale scores at the end of stimulation in the active (−13.84%) than the sham (−3.78%) condition, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.96, <i>p</i> = 0.006). The positive effect endured for at least one month. Theta-tACS also showed efficacies for cognitive symptoms, WM capacity, and psychosocial functions. Online theta-tACS offers a novel approach to modulate frontoparietal networks to treat negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The promising results require large-scale replication studies in patients with predominantly negative symptoms.
format	article
author	Chuan-Chia Chang Cathy Chia-Yu Huang Yong-An Chung Jooyeon Jamie Im Yen-Yue Lin Chin-Chao Ma Nian-Sheng Tzeng Hsin-An Chang
author_facet	Chuan-Chia Chang Cathy Chia-Yu Huang Yong-An Chung Jooyeon Jamie Im Yen-Yue Lin Chin-Chao Ma Nian-Sheng Tzeng Hsin-An Chang
author_sort	Chuan-Chia Chang
title	Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
title_short	Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
title_full	Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
title_fullStr	Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed	Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
title_sort	online left-hemispheric in-phase frontoparietal theta tacs for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8291b76b8c3d423eb0b1320e895e857a
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Online Left-Hemispheric In-Phase Frontoparietal Theta tACS for the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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