A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis

Abstract Background Often thought of as a minor health concern, sore throat or pharyngitis is an important public health issue. It is one of the most common symptoms of upper respiratory diseases including COVID‐19 and is a leading cause of physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions. However, few...

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Autores principales:	Victor Leyva‐Grado, Pavel Pugach, Nazlie Sadeghi‐Latefi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	acetyl salicylic acid Bradykinin Epiairway MucilAir pharyngitis prostaglandin Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8293592d6dcc4c41907c1d88ced0a252
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8293592d6dcc4c41907c1d88ced0a2522021-11-12T19:57:14ZA novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis2050-452710.1002/iid3.479https://doaj.org/article/8293592d6dcc4c41907c1d88ced0a2522021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.479https://doaj.org/toc/2050-4527Abstract Background Often thought of as a minor health concern, sore throat or pharyngitis is an important public health issue. It is one of the most common symptoms of upper respiratory diseases including COVID‐19 and is a leading cause of physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions. However, few over‐the‐counter medications are proven to heal sore throat inflammation. Methods Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and three dimensional organotypic human respiratory tissues were used to study inflammation and various treatment effects on respiratory epithelia. The cells and tissues were studied both in the presence and absence of bradykinin, one of the first inflammatory mediators of pharyngitis. Inflammation was measured by analyzing the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Tissue morphology was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results In studying pharyngitis using organotypic human respiratory tissue stimulated with bradykinin, we saw an increase in PGE2 and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in response to bradykinin. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), a nonspecific COX inhibitor, was able to mitigate a bradykinin‐induced increase in PGE2 in our studies. However, ASA was inflammatory above its therapeutic window, increasing the levels of PGE2 and IL‐8 above those seen with bradykinin stimulation alone. We describe a novel, scientifically validated treatment for sore throat, that contains a low dose of ASA and other anti‐inflammatory ingredients. Conclusion This study elucidates the complex mechanisms involved in healing pharyngitis, an inflammatory condition of the upper respiratory epithelia. An ASA‐based formula (Biovanta) mitigated bradykinin‐induced inflammation more strongly than ASA alone in organotypic human respiratory tissues. Surprisingly, we found that many of the most common over the counter sore throat therapies exacerbate inflammation and IL‐8 in organotypic human respiratory tissues, suggesting these common treatments may increase the likelihood of further respiratory complications.Victor Leyva‐GradoPavel PugachNazlie Sadeghi‐LatefiWileyarticleacetyl salicylic acidBradykininEpiairwayMucilAirpharyngitisprostaglandinImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENImmunity, Inflammation and Disease, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 1321-1335 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acetyl salicylic acid Bradykinin Epiairway MucilAir pharyngitis prostaglandin Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	acetyl salicylic acid Bradykinin Epiairway MucilAir pharyngitis prostaglandin Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Victor Leyva‐Grado Pavel Pugach Nazlie Sadeghi‐Latefi A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis
description	Abstract Background Often thought of as a minor health concern, sore throat or pharyngitis is an important public health issue. It is one of the most common symptoms of upper respiratory diseases including COVID‐19 and is a leading cause of physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions. However, few over‐the‐counter medications are proven to heal sore throat inflammation. Methods Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) and three dimensional organotypic human respiratory tissues were used to study inflammation and various treatment effects on respiratory epithelia. The cells and tissues were studied both in the presence and absence of bradykinin, one of the first inflammatory mediators of pharyngitis. Inflammation was measured by analyzing the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Tissue morphology was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results In studying pharyngitis using organotypic human respiratory tissue stimulated with bradykinin, we saw an increase in PGE2 and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in response to bradykinin. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), a nonspecific COX inhibitor, was able to mitigate a bradykinin‐induced increase in PGE2 in our studies. However, ASA was inflammatory above its therapeutic window, increasing the levels of PGE2 and IL‐8 above those seen with bradykinin stimulation alone. We describe a novel, scientifically validated treatment for sore throat, that contains a low dose of ASA and other anti‐inflammatory ingredients. Conclusion This study elucidates the complex mechanisms involved in healing pharyngitis, an inflammatory condition of the upper respiratory epithelia. An ASA‐based formula (Biovanta) mitigated bradykinin‐induced inflammation more strongly than ASA alone in organotypic human respiratory tissues. Surprisingly, we found that many of the most common over the counter sore throat therapies exacerbate inflammation and IL‐8 in organotypic human respiratory tissues, suggesting these common treatments may increase the likelihood of further respiratory complications.
format	article
author	Victor Leyva‐Grado Pavel Pugach Nazlie Sadeghi‐Latefi
author_facet	Victor Leyva‐Grado Pavel Pugach Nazlie Sadeghi‐Latefi
author_sort	Victor Leyva‐Grado
title	A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis
title_short	A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis
title_full	A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis
title_fullStr	A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis
title_full_unstemmed	A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis
title_sort	novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8293592d6dcc4c41907c1d88ced0a252
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A novel anti‐inflammatory treatment for bradykinin‐induced sore throat or pharyngitis

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