Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones

Abstract Whether the use of mobile phones (MP) represents a health hazard is still under debate. As part of the attempts to resolve this uncertainty, there has been an extensive characterization of the electromagnetic fields MP emit and receive. While the radiofrequencies (RF) have been studied exha...

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Autores principales:	L. Zastko, L. Makinistian, A. Tvarožná, F. L. Ferreyra, I. Belyaev
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/829b6176d2434d74ae18c898ff059840
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:829b6176d2434d74ae18c898ff0598402021-12-02T18:14:08ZMapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones10.1038/s41598-021-98083-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/829b6176d2434d74ae18c898ff0598402021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98083-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Whether the use of mobile phones (MP) represents a health hazard is still under debate. As part of the attempts to resolve this uncertainty, there has been an extensive characterization of the electromagnetic fields MP emit and receive. While the radiofrequencies (RF) have been studied exhaustively, the static magnetic fields (SMF) have received much less attention, regardless of the fact there is a wealth of evidence demonstrating their biological effects. We performed 2D maps of the SMF at several distances from the screen of 5 MP (models between 2013 and 2018) using a tri-axis magnetometer. We built a mathematical model to fit our measurements, extrapolated them down to the phones’ screen, and calculated the SMF on the skin of a 3D head model, showing that exposure is in the µT to mT range. Our literature survey prompts the need of further research not only on the biological effects of SMF and their gradients, but also on their combination with extremely low frequency (ELF) and RF fields. The study of combined fields (SMF, ELF, and RF) as similar as possible to the ones that occur in reality should provide a more sensible assessment of potential risks.L. ZastkoL. MakinistianA. TvarožnáF. L. FerreyraI. BelyaevNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q L. Zastko L. Makinistian A. Tvarožná F. L. Ferreyra I. Belyaev Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
description	Abstract Whether the use of mobile phones (MP) represents a health hazard is still under debate. As part of the attempts to resolve this uncertainty, there has been an extensive characterization of the electromagnetic fields MP emit and receive. While the radiofrequencies (RF) have been studied exhaustively, the static magnetic fields (SMF) have received much less attention, regardless of the fact there is a wealth of evidence demonstrating their biological effects. We performed 2D maps of the SMF at several distances from the screen of 5 MP (models between 2013 and 2018) using a tri-axis magnetometer. We built a mathematical model to fit our measurements, extrapolated them down to the phones’ screen, and calculated the SMF on the skin of a 3D head model, showing that exposure is in the µT to mT range. Our literature survey prompts the need of further research not only on the biological effects of SMF and their gradients, but also on their combination with extremely low frequency (ELF) and RF fields. The study of combined fields (SMF, ELF, and RF) as similar as possible to the ones that occur in reality should provide a more sensible assessment of potential risks.
format	article
author	L. Zastko L. Makinistian A. Tvarožná F. L. Ferreyra I. Belyaev
author_facet	L. Zastko L. Makinistian A. Tvarožná F. L. Ferreyra I. Belyaev
author_sort	L. Zastko
title	Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_short	Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_full	Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_fullStr	Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_full_unstemmed	Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
title_sort	mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/829b6176d2434d74ae18c898ff059840
work_keys_str_mv	AT lzastko mappingofstaticmagneticfieldsnearthesurfaceofmobilephones AT lmakinistian mappingofstaticmagneticfieldsnearthesurfaceofmobilephones AT atvarozna mappingofstaticmagneticfieldsnearthesurfaceofmobilephones AT flferreyra mappingofstaticmagneticfieldsnearthesurfaceofmobilephones AT ibelyaev mappingofstaticmagneticfieldsnearthesurfaceofmobilephones
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Mapping of static magnetic fields near the surface of mobile phones

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