Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient

Abstract Climate change is advancing the onset of phenological events, with the rate of advance varying among species and trophic levels. In addition, local populations of the same species may show genetic differences in their response to seasonal cues. If populations of interacting species differ i...

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Autores principales:	Adam Ekholm, Maria Faticov, Ayco J. M. Tack, Josef Berger, Graham N. Stone, Eero Vesterinen, Tomas Roslin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	climate change community ecology mismatch phenology Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/82d9c06f63064855bda6f6e3c58f699e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:82d9c06f63064855bda6f6e3c58f699e2021-11-29T07:06:42ZCommunity phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient2150-892510.1002/ecs2.3785https://doaj.org/article/82d9c06f63064855bda6f6e3c58f699e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3785https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925Abstract Climate change is advancing the onset of phenological events, with the rate of advance varying among species and trophic levels. In addition, local populations of the same species may show genetic differences in their response to seasonal cues. If populations of interacting species differ in their response, then climate change may result in geographically varying shifts in the community‐level distribution of interaction strength. We explored the magnitude of trophic‐ and species‐level responses to temperature in a tritrophic system comprising pedunculate oak, insect herbivores, and their associated parasitoids. We sampled local realizations of this community at five sites along a transect spanning fifteen degrees of latitude. Samples from each trophic level at each site were exposed to the same set of five climatic regimes during overwintering in climate chambers. We then recorded the number of days and degree‐days required for oak acorns to develop and insects to emerge. In terms of dates of events, phenology differed among populations. In terms of degree‐days, we found that for two species pairs, the heat sum required to develop in spring differed by an additional ˜500 degree‐days between trophic levels when overwintering at the highest temperature. For three species, within‐population variation in the number of degree‐days required for emergence was higher at warmer temperatures. Our findings suggest that changing temperatures can modify interactions within a community by altering the relative phenology of interacting species and that some interactions are more vulnerable than others to a shift in temperature. The geographic variation in the phenological response of a species suggests that there is a genetic component in determining the phenology of local populations. Such local variation blended with interspecific differences in responses makes it complex to understand how communities will respond to warmer temperatures.Adam EkholmMaria FaticovAyco J. M. TackJosef BergerGraham N. StoneEero VesterinenTomas RoslinWileyarticleclimate changecommunity ecologymismatchphenologyEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcosphere, Vol 12, Iss 11, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change community ecology mismatch phenology Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	climate change community ecology mismatch phenology Ecology QH540-549.5 Adam Ekholm Maria Faticov Ayco J. M. Tack Josef Berger Graham N. Stone Eero Vesterinen Tomas Roslin Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
description	Abstract Climate change is advancing the onset of phenological events, with the rate of advance varying among species and trophic levels. In addition, local populations of the same species may show genetic differences in their response to seasonal cues. If populations of interacting species differ in their response, then climate change may result in geographically varying shifts in the community‐level distribution of interaction strength. We explored the magnitude of trophic‐ and species‐level responses to temperature in a tritrophic system comprising pedunculate oak, insect herbivores, and their associated parasitoids. We sampled local realizations of this community at five sites along a transect spanning fifteen degrees of latitude. Samples from each trophic level at each site were exposed to the same set of five climatic regimes during overwintering in climate chambers. We then recorded the number of days and degree‐days required for oak acorns to develop and insects to emerge. In terms of dates of events, phenology differed among populations. In terms of degree‐days, we found that for two species pairs, the heat sum required to develop in spring differed by an additional ˜500 degree‐days between trophic levels when overwintering at the highest temperature. For three species, within‐population variation in the number of degree‐days required for emergence was higher at warmer temperatures. Our findings suggest that changing temperatures can modify interactions within a community by altering the relative phenology of interacting species and that some interactions are more vulnerable than others to a shift in temperature. The geographic variation in the phenological response of a species suggests that there is a genetic component in determining the phenology of local populations. Such local variation blended with interspecific differences in responses makes it complex to understand how communities will respond to warmer temperatures.
format	article
author	Adam Ekholm Maria Faticov Ayco J. M. Tack Josef Berger Graham N. Stone Eero Vesterinen Tomas Roslin
author_facet	Adam Ekholm Maria Faticov Ayco J. M. Tack Josef Berger Graham N. Stone Eero Vesterinen Tomas Roslin
author_sort	Adam Ekholm
title	Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
title_short	Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
title_full	Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
title_fullStr	Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
title_full_unstemmed	Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
title_sort	community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/82d9c06f63064855bda6f6e3c58f699e
work_keys_str_mv	AT adamekholm communityphenologyofinsectsonoaklocaldifferentiationalongaclimaticgradient AT mariafaticov communityphenologyofinsectsonoaklocaldifferentiationalongaclimaticgradient AT aycojmtack communityphenologyofinsectsonoaklocaldifferentiationalongaclimaticgradient AT josefberger communityphenologyofinsectsonoaklocaldifferentiationalongaclimaticgradient AT grahamnstone communityphenologyofinsectsonoaklocaldifferentiationalongaclimaticgradient AT eerovesterinen communityphenologyofinsectsonoaklocaldifferentiationalongaclimaticgradient AT tomasroslin communityphenologyofinsectsonoaklocaldifferentiationalongaclimaticgradient
_version_	1718407536490577920

Community phenology of insects on oak: local differentiation along a climatic gradient

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