Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic threatens indigenous peoples living in suburban areas of large Brazilian cities and has thus far intensified their pre-existing socio-economic inequalities. We evaluated the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of the biggest urban multieth...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:82df189680a24ab38db65f021f31a56e2021-12-02T17:51:26ZIncreased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus10.1038/s41598-021-96843-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/82df189680a24ab38db65f021f31a56e2021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96843-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic threatens indigenous peoples living in suburban areas of large Brazilian cities and has thus far intensified their pre-existing socio-economic inequalities. We evaluated the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of the biggest urban multiethnic indigenous community of the Amazonas state, Brazil. Blood samples of 280 indigenous people living in the surrounding area of Manaus were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG antibodies. The risk factors and sociodemographic information were assessed through an epidemiological questionnaire. We found a total positivity rate of 64.64% (95% CI 59.01–70.28) for SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgA and IgG were detected in 55.71% (95% CI 49.89–61.54) and 60.71% (95% CI 54.98–66.45) of the individuals, respectively. Over 80% of positive individuals were positive for both IgA and IgG.No significant difference in positivity rates between genders or age groups was observed. Moreover, the age group ≥ 60 years old showed the highest antibody ratios (IgA mean ratio = 3.080 ± 1.623; IgG mean ratio = 4.221 ± 1.832), while the age groups 13–19 and 20–29 showed the lowest IgA (mean ratio = 2.268 ± 0.919) and IgG ratios (mean ratio = 2.207 ± 1.246), respectively. Individuals leaving the home more frequently were at higher risk of infection (Odds ratio (OD) 2.61; 95% CI 1.00–1.49; p = 0.048). Five or more individuals per household increased fivefold the risk of virus transmission (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.09–6.01; p = 0.019). The disproportionate dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed among the study population might be driven by typical cultural behavior and socioeconomic inequalities. Despite the pandemic threat, this population is not being targeted by public policies and appears to be chronically invisible to the Brazilian authorities.Gemilson Soares PontesJean de Melo SilvaRenato Pinheiro-SilvaAnderson Nogueira BarbosaLuciano Cardenes SantosAntônio de Pádua Quirino RamalhoCarlos Eduardo de Castro AlvesDanielle Furtado da SilvaLeonardo Calheiros de OliveiraAllyson Guimarães da CostaAna Carla BrunoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021) |
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Medicine R Science Q Gemilson Soares Pontes Jean de Melo Silva Renato Pinheiro-Silva Anderson Nogueira Barbosa Luciano Cardenes Santos Antônio de Pádua Quirino Ramalho Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves Danielle Furtado da Silva Leonardo Calheiros de Oliveira Allyson Guimarães da Costa Ana Carla Bruno Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus |
| description |
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic threatens indigenous peoples living in suburban areas of large Brazilian cities and has thus far intensified their pre-existing socio-economic inequalities. We evaluated the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of the biggest urban multiethnic indigenous community of the Amazonas state, Brazil. Blood samples of 280 indigenous people living in the surrounding area of Manaus were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA or IgG antibodies. The risk factors and sociodemographic information were assessed through an epidemiological questionnaire. We found a total positivity rate of 64.64% (95% CI 59.01–70.28) for SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgA and IgG were detected in 55.71% (95% CI 49.89–61.54) and 60.71% (95% CI 54.98–66.45) of the individuals, respectively. Over 80% of positive individuals were positive for both IgA and IgG.No significant difference in positivity rates between genders or age groups was observed. Moreover, the age group ≥ 60 years old showed the highest antibody ratios (IgA mean ratio = 3.080 ± 1.623; IgG mean ratio = 4.221 ± 1.832), while the age groups 13–19 and 20–29 showed the lowest IgA (mean ratio = 2.268 ± 0.919) and IgG ratios (mean ratio = 2.207 ± 1.246), respectively. Individuals leaving the home more frequently were at higher risk of infection (Odds ratio (OD) 2.61; 95% CI 1.00–1.49; p = 0.048). Five or more individuals per household increased fivefold the risk of virus transmission (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.09–6.01; p = 0.019). The disproportionate dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed among the study population might be driven by typical cultural behavior and socioeconomic inequalities. Despite the pandemic threat, this population is not being targeted by public policies and appears to be chronically invisible to the Brazilian authorities. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Gemilson Soares Pontes Jean de Melo Silva Renato Pinheiro-Silva Anderson Nogueira Barbosa Luciano Cardenes Santos Antônio de Pádua Quirino Ramalho Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves Danielle Furtado da Silva Leonardo Calheiros de Oliveira Allyson Guimarães da Costa Ana Carla Bruno |
| author_facet |
Gemilson Soares Pontes Jean de Melo Silva Renato Pinheiro-Silva Anderson Nogueira Barbosa Luciano Cardenes Santos Antônio de Pádua Quirino Ramalho Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves Danielle Furtado da Silva Leonardo Calheiros de Oliveira Allyson Guimarães da Costa Ana Carla Bruno |
| author_sort |
Gemilson Soares Pontes |
| title |
Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus |
| title_short |
Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus |
| title_full |
Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus |
| title_fullStr |
Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of Manaus |
| title_sort |
increased vulnerability to sars-cov-2 infection among indigenous people living in the urban area of manaus |
| publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/82df189680a24ab38db65f021f31a56e |
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