Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular-degradation mechanism implicated in antiviral defense in plants. Studies have shown that autophagy suppresses virus accumulation in cells; however, it has not been reported to specifically inhibit viral spread in plants. This study demonstrated that...

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Autores principales:	Erbo Niu, Huan Liu, Hongsheng Zhou, Lian Luo, Yunfeng Wu, Ida Bagus Andika, Liying Sun
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	autophagy antiviral machinery citrus leaf blotch virus protein degradation virus movement Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/82fc2db01ffa4930b9228027d4c3e75e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:82fc2db01ffa4930b9228027d4c3e75e2021-11-25T19:13:12ZAutophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein10.3390/v131121891999-4915https://doaj.org/article/82fc2db01ffa4930b9228027d4c3e75e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2189https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular-degradation mechanism implicated in antiviral defense in plants. Studies have shown that autophagy suppresses virus accumulation in cells; however, it has not been reported to specifically inhibit viral spread in plants. This study demonstrated that infection with citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV; genus <i>Citrivirus</i>, family <i>Betaflexiviridae</i>) activated autophagy in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants as indicated by the increase of autophagosome formation. Impairment of autophagy through silencing of <i>N. benthamiana</i> autophagy-related gene 5 (<i>NbATG5</i>) and <i>NbATG7</i> enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV; however, it did not affect CLBV accumulation when the systemic infection had been fully established. Treatment using an autophagy inhibitor or silencing of <i>NbATG5</i> and <i>NbATG7</i> revealed that transiently expressed movement protein (MP), but not coat protein, of CLBV was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation. Moreover, we identified that CLBV MP directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i, the isoforms of autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), which are key factors that usually bind cargo receptors for selective autophagy. Our results present a novel example in which autophagy specifically targets a viral MP to limit the intercellular spread of the virus in plants.Erbo NiuHuan LiuHongsheng ZhouLian LuoYunfeng WuIda Bagus AndikaLiying SunMDPI AGarticleautophagyantiviral machinerycitrus leaf blotch virusprotein degradationvirus movementMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2189, p 2189 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	autophagy antiviral machinery citrus leaf blotch virus protein degradation virus movement Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	autophagy antiviral machinery citrus leaf blotch virus protein degradation virus movement Microbiology QR1-502 Erbo Niu Huan Liu Hongsheng Zhou Lian Luo Yunfeng Wu Ida Bagus Andika Liying Sun Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein
description	Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular-degradation mechanism implicated in antiviral defense in plants. Studies have shown that autophagy suppresses virus accumulation in cells; however, it has not been reported to specifically inhibit viral spread in plants. This study demonstrated that infection with citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV; genus <i>Citrivirus</i>, family <i>Betaflexiviridae</i>) activated autophagy in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants as indicated by the increase of autophagosome formation. Impairment of autophagy through silencing of <i>N. benthamiana</i> autophagy-related gene 5 (<i>NbATG5</i>) and <i>NbATG7</i> enhanced cell-to-cell and systemic movement of CLBV; however, it did not affect CLBV accumulation when the systemic infection had been fully established. Treatment using an autophagy inhibitor or silencing of <i>NbATG5</i> and <i>NbATG7</i> revealed that transiently expressed movement protein (MP), but not coat protein, of CLBV was targeted by selective autophagy for degradation. Moreover, we identified that CLBV MP directly interacted with NbATG8C1 and NbATG8i, the isoforms of autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8), which are key factors that usually bind cargo receptors for selective autophagy. Our results present a novel example in which autophagy specifically targets a viral MP to limit the intercellular spread of the virus in plants.
format	article
author	Erbo Niu Huan Liu Hongsheng Zhou Lian Luo Yunfeng Wu Ida Bagus Andika Liying Sun
author_facet	Erbo Niu Huan Liu Hongsheng Zhou Lian Luo Yunfeng Wu Ida Bagus Andika Liying Sun
author_sort	Erbo Niu
title	Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein
title_short	Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein
title_full	Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein
title_fullStr	Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein
title_full_unstemmed	Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein
title_sort	autophagy inhibits intercellular transport of citrus leaf blotch virus by targeting viral movement protein
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/82fc2db01ffa4930b9228027d4c3e75e
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Autophagy Inhibits Intercellular Transport of Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus by Targeting Viral Movement Protein

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