Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions

The aim of this study was to assess the role of the crystallographic phase of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in determining their torsional resistance during different bending conditions, such as different degrees and angles of curvature. 200 F-One 20.04 instruments (Fanta Dental, Shangha...

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Autores principales:	Alessio Zanza, Marco Seracchiani, Rodolfo Reda, Dario Di Nardo, Gianluca Gambarini, Luca Testarelli
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	crystallographic phase endodontics nickel-titanium root canal treatment torsional stress Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/83174a7402b3425f8b387b9f96f20d44
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:83174a7402b3425f8b387b9f96f20d442021-11-11T17:53:35ZRole of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions10.3390/ma142163241996-1944https://doaj.org/article/83174a7402b3425f8b387b9f96f20d442021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6324https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944The aim of this study was to assess the role of the crystallographic phase of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in determining their torsional resistance during different bending conditions, such as different degrees and angles of curvature. 200 F-One 20.04 instruments (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China) were used, 100 austenitic instruments and 100 martensitic instruments. Each group was divided in 5 subgroups according to the different bending conditions (straight canal, 90° or 60° of curvature degrees and 3 mm or 5 mm of radius of curvature). The static torsional test was performed by using a device composed of an electric motor capable of recording torque values (N·cm); a vice used to secure the instruments at 3 mm from the tip; and artificial canals, which allow instruments to remain flexed during test. Each instrument was rotated at 500 rpm with a torque limit set to 5.5 Ncm until its fracture. Torque at Fracture (TtF) was registered. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was conducted. The collected data confirm that an increase in the angle of curvature and a decrease in the radius of curvature of the artificial canals lead to an increase of TtF values with a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05), both in the austenitic and martensitic groups. Regarding the comparison between austenitic and martensitic groups in the same bending condition, a statistically significant difference was found only when the torsional test was performed in the canals with the degrees of curvature of 90° and the radius of curvature of 3 mm and 5 mm, with the austenitic instruments showing a higher TtF than the martensitic ones. In conclusion, it can be stated that the crystallographic phase influences the maximum torque at fracture when the instruments are subjected to severe bending and that the radius of curvature significantly influences their torsional resistance.Alessio ZanzaMarco SeracchianiRodolfo RedaDario Di NardoGianluca GambariniLuca TestarelliMDPI AGarticlecrystallographic phaseendodonticsnickel-titaniumroot canal treatmenttorsional stressTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6324, p 6324 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	crystallographic phase endodontics nickel-titanium root canal treatment torsional stress Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	crystallographic phase endodontics nickel-titanium root canal treatment torsional stress Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Alessio Zanza Marco Seracchiani Rodolfo Reda Dario Di Nardo Gianluca Gambarini Luca Testarelli Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions
description	The aim of this study was to assess the role of the crystallographic phase of Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments in determining their torsional resistance during different bending conditions, such as different degrees and angles of curvature. 200 F-One 20.04 instruments (Fanta Dental, Shanghai, China) were used, 100 austenitic instruments and 100 martensitic instruments. Each group was divided in 5 subgroups according to the different bending conditions (straight canal, 90° or 60° of curvature degrees and 3 mm or 5 mm of radius of curvature). The static torsional test was performed by using a device composed of an electric motor capable of recording torque values (N·cm); a vice used to secure the instruments at 3 mm from the tip; and artificial canals, which allow instruments to remain flexed during test. Each instrument was rotated at 500 rpm with a torque limit set to 5.5 Ncm until its fracture. Torque at Fracture (TtF) was registered. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was conducted. The collected data confirm that an increase in the angle of curvature and a decrease in the radius of curvature of the artificial canals lead to an increase of TtF values with a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05), both in the austenitic and martensitic groups. Regarding the comparison between austenitic and martensitic groups in the same bending condition, a statistically significant difference was found only when the torsional test was performed in the canals with the degrees of curvature of 90° and the radius of curvature of 3 mm and 5 mm, with the austenitic instruments showing a higher TtF than the martensitic ones. In conclusion, it can be stated that the crystallographic phase influences the maximum torque at fracture when the instruments are subjected to severe bending and that the radius of curvature significantly influences their torsional resistance.
format	article
author	Alessio Zanza Marco Seracchiani Rodolfo Reda Dario Di Nardo Gianluca Gambarini Luca Testarelli
author_facet	Alessio Zanza Marco Seracchiani Rodolfo Reda Dario Di Nardo Gianluca Gambarini Luca Testarelli
author_sort	Alessio Zanza
title	Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions
title_short	Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions
title_full	Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions
title_fullStr	Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions
title_full_unstemmed	Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions
title_sort	role of the crystallographic phase of niti rotary instruments in determining their torsional resistance during different bending conditions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/83174a7402b3425f8b387b9f96f20d44
work_keys_str_mv	AT alessiozanza roleofthecrystallographicphaseofnitirotaryinstrumentsindeterminingtheirtorsionalresistanceduringdifferentbendingconditions AT marcoseracchiani roleofthecrystallographicphaseofnitirotaryinstrumentsindeterminingtheirtorsionalresistanceduringdifferentbendingconditions AT rodolforeda roleofthecrystallographicphaseofnitirotaryinstrumentsindeterminingtheirtorsionalresistanceduringdifferentbendingconditions AT dariodinardo roleofthecrystallographicphaseofnitirotaryinstrumentsindeterminingtheirtorsionalresistanceduringdifferentbendingconditions AT gianlucagambarini roleofthecrystallographicphaseofnitirotaryinstrumentsindeterminingtheirtorsionalresistanceduringdifferentbendingconditions AT lucatestarelli roleofthecrystallographicphaseofnitirotaryinstrumentsindeterminingtheirtorsionalresistanceduringdifferentbendingconditions
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Role of the Crystallographic Phase of NiTi Rotary Instruments in Determining Their Torsional Resistance during Different Bending Conditions

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