Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection

With approximately 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally, and a further 1.5 million new global infections per year, it is imperative that we advance our understanding of all factors contributing to HIV infection. While most studies have focused on the influence of host genetic factors on H...

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Autores principales:	Thilona Arumugam, Upasana Ramphal, Theolan Adimulam, Romona Chinniah, Veron Ramsuran
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	HIV epigenetic regulation DNA methylation epigenome-wide methylation epi-therapeutics Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/833bab91dd7b41aaae38b7a408ec8aa1
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:833bab91dd7b41aaae38b7a408ec8aa12021-12-02T07:37:14ZDeciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.795121https://doaj.org/article/833bab91dd7b41aaae38b7a408ec8aa12021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.795121/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224With approximately 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally, and a further 1.5 million new global infections per year, it is imperative that we advance our understanding of all factors contributing to HIV infection. While most studies have focused on the influence of host genetic factors on HIV pathogenesis, epigenetic factors are gaining attention. Epigenetics involves alterations in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism that influences both viral and host factors. This review has five focal points, which examines (i) fluctuations in the expression of methylation modifying factors upon HIV infection (ii) the effect of DNA methylation on HIV viral genes and (iii) host genome (iv) inferences from other infectious and non-communicable diseases, we provide a list of HIV-associated host genes that are regulated by methylation in other disease models (v) the potential of DNA methylation as an epi-therapeutic strategy and biomarker. DNA methylation has also been shown to serve as a robust therapeutic strategy and precision medicine biomarker against diseases such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. Despite new drugs being discovered for HIV, drug resistance is a problem in high disease burden settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, genetic therapies that are under investigation are irreversible and may have off target effects. Alternative therapies that are nongenetic are essential. In this review, we discuss the potential role of DNA methylation as a novel therapeutic intervention against HIV.Thilona ArumugamUpasana RamphalUpasana RamphalUpasana RamphalTheolan AdimulamRomona ChinniahVeron RamsuranVeron RamsuranVeron RamsuranFrontiers Media S.A.articleHIVepigenetic regulationDNA methylationepigenome-wide methylationepi-therapeuticsImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	HIV epigenetic regulation DNA methylation epigenome-wide methylation epi-therapeutics Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	HIV epigenetic regulation DNA methylation epigenome-wide methylation epi-therapeutics Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Thilona Arumugam Upasana Ramphal Upasana Ramphal Upasana Ramphal Theolan Adimulam Romona Chinniah Veron Ramsuran Veron Ramsuran Veron Ramsuran Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection
description	With approximately 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally, and a further 1.5 million new global infections per year, it is imperative that we advance our understanding of all factors contributing to HIV infection. While most studies have focused on the influence of host genetic factors on HIV pathogenesis, epigenetic factors are gaining attention. Epigenetics involves alterations in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism that influences both viral and host factors. This review has five focal points, which examines (i) fluctuations in the expression of methylation modifying factors upon HIV infection (ii) the effect of DNA methylation on HIV viral genes and (iii) host genome (iv) inferences from other infectious and non-communicable diseases, we provide a list of HIV-associated host genes that are regulated by methylation in other disease models (v) the potential of DNA methylation as an epi-therapeutic strategy and biomarker. DNA methylation has also been shown to serve as a robust therapeutic strategy and precision medicine biomarker against diseases such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. Despite new drugs being discovered for HIV, drug resistance is a problem in high disease burden settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, genetic therapies that are under investigation are irreversible and may have off target effects. Alternative therapies that are nongenetic are essential. In this review, we discuss the potential role of DNA methylation as a novel therapeutic intervention against HIV.
format	article
author	Thilona Arumugam Upasana Ramphal Upasana Ramphal Upasana Ramphal Theolan Adimulam Romona Chinniah Veron Ramsuran Veron Ramsuran Veron Ramsuran
author_facet	Thilona Arumugam Upasana Ramphal Upasana Ramphal Upasana Ramphal Theolan Adimulam Romona Chinniah Veron Ramsuran Veron Ramsuran Veron Ramsuran
author_sort	Thilona Arumugam
title	Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection
title_short	Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection
title_full	Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection
title_fullStr	Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection
title_sort	deciphering dna methylation in hiv infection
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/833bab91dd7b41aaae38b7a408ec8aa1
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Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection

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