Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)

Regular and often intense outbreaks of the brown locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker), in the semi-arid Nama Karoo region of South Africa present a formidable pest control problem. Outbreak patterns over a 64-year period (1941–2005) were reviewed indicating a very high frequency o...

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Autor principal:	Roger Price
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	brown locust <i>Locustana pardalina</i> Karoo outbreak patterns control strategy integrated pest management Agriculture S
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/834f8d0645284820b83f4b5687c57359
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:834f8d0645284820b83f4b5687c573592021-11-25T16:07:01ZAlternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)10.3390/agronomy111122122073-4395https://doaj.org/article/834f8d0645284820b83f4b5687c573592021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2212https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395Regular and often intense outbreaks of the brown locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker), in the semi-arid Nama Karoo region of South Africa present a formidable pest control problem. Outbreak patterns over a 64-year period (1941–2005) were reviewed indicating a very high frequency of outbreak years with regular ‘plague’ periods being experienced, while a more detailed analysis of the numbers of locust targets controlled during a 22-year period (1983–2005) described the intensity and scale of the outbreaks. The operational constraints associated with the traditional ground-based control strategy employed against the thousands of individual roosting brown locust hopper band and swarm targets in the Karoo are discussed. A brief review of laboratory and field trials of alternative methods of controlling the brown locust, such as insecticide baits, barrier treatments and the Green Muscle<sup>®</sup> myco-insecticide, as an alternative to broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticides are described. In addition, alternative control strategies to the current ‘Commando’ system of ground-based control operations are discussed. The recommendation is for a modernised and technology-equipped integrated brown locust management strategy (IPM), combining ground and aerial tactics that will have the flexibility and the capacity to deal effectively with outbreaks. The integrated management strategy should focus on ground-based control of hopper bands and fledgling swarms in the Upper and eastern Karoo, while outbreaks over most of the Central Karoo and arid Bushmanland areas should be left to fledge and coalesce into large-sized swarms that could then be targeted by spray aircraft as they migrate along their known swarm flight paths. The introduction of electronic reporting and GIS mapping technologies for brown locust campaign management is essential.Roger PriceMDPI AGarticlebrown locust<i>Locustana pardalina</i>Karoooutbreak patternscontrol strategyintegrated pest managementAgricultureSENAgronomy, Vol 11, Iss 2212, p 2212 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	brown locust <i>Locustana pardalina</i> Karoo outbreak patterns control strategy integrated pest management Agriculture S
spellingShingle	brown locust <i>Locustana pardalina</i> Karoo outbreak patterns control strategy integrated pest management Agriculture S Roger Price Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)
description	Regular and often intense outbreaks of the brown locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker), in the semi-arid Nama Karoo region of South Africa present a formidable pest control problem. Outbreak patterns over a 64-year period (1941–2005) were reviewed indicating a very high frequency of outbreak years with regular ‘plague’ periods being experienced, while a more detailed analysis of the numbers of locust targets controlled during a 22-year period (1983–2005) described the intensity and scale of the outbreaks. The operational constraints associated with the traditional ground-based control strategy employed against the thousands of individual roosting brown locust hopper band and swarm targets in the Karoo are discussed. A brief review of laboratory and field trials of alternative methods of controlling the brown locust, such as insecticide baits, barrier treatments and the Green Muscle<sup>®</sup> myco-insecticide, as an alternative to broad-spectrum pyrethroid insecticides are described. In addition, alternative control strategies to the current ‘Commando’ system of ground-based control operations are discussed. The recommendation is for a modernised and technology-equipped integrated brown locust management strategy (IPM), combining ground and aerial tactics that will have the flexibility and the capacity to deal effectively with outbreaks. The integrated management strategy should focus on ground-based control of hopper bands and fledgling swarms in the Upper and eastern Karoo, while outbreaks over most of the Central Karoo and arid Bushmanland areas should be left to fledge and coalesce into large-sized swarms that could then be targeted by spray aircraft as they migrate along their known swarm flight paths. The introduction of electronic reporting and GIS mapping technologies for brown locust campaign management is essential.
format	article
author	Roger Price
author_facet	Roger Price
author_sort	Roger Price
title	Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)
title_short	Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)
title_full	Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)
title_fullStr	Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)
title_full_unstemmed	Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)
title_sort	alternative strategies for controlling the brown locust, <i>locustana pardalina</i> (walker)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/834f8d0645284820b83f4b5687c57359
work_keys_str_mv	AT rogerprice alternativestrategiesforcontrollingthebrownlocustilocustanapardalinaiwalker
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Alternative Strategies for Controlling the Brown Locust, <i>Locustana pardalina</i> (Walker)

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