Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model

Abstract Environmental cues promote microbial biofilm formation and physiological and genetic heterogeneity. In food production facilities, biofilms produced by pathogens are a major source for food contamination; however, the pathogenesis of biofilm-isolated sessile cells is not well understood. We...

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Autores principales:	Xingjian Bai, Dongqi Liu, Luping Xu, Shivendra Tenguria, Rishi Drolia, Nicholas L. F. Gallina, Abigail D. Cox, Ok-Kyung Koo, Arun K. Bhunia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Microbial ecology QR100-130
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8380042883c44738a20de13c63850268
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8380042883c44738a20de13c638502682021-12-02T12:15:02ZBiofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model10.1038/s41522-021-00189-52055-5008https://doaj.org/article/8380042883c44738a20de13c638502682021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-021-00189-5https://doaj.org/toc/2055-5008Abstract Environmental cues promote microbial biofilm formation and physiological and genetic heterogeneity. In food production facilities, biofilms produced by pathogens are a major source for food contamination; however, the pathogenesis of biofilm-isolated sessile cells is not well understood. We investigated the pathogenesis of sessile Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) using cell culture and mouse models. Lm sessile cells express reduced levels of the lap, inlA, hly, prfA, and sigB and show reduced adhesion, invasion, translocation, and cytotoxicity in the cell culture model than the planktonic cells. Oral challenge of C57BL/6 mice with food, clinical, or murinized-InlA (InlAm) strains reveals that at 12 and 24 h post-infection (hpi), Lm burdens are lower in tissues of mice infected with sessile cells than those infected with planktonic cells. However, these differences are negligible at 48 hpi. Besides, the expressions of inlA and lap mRNA in sessile Lm from intestinal content are about 6.0- and 280-fold higher than the sessle inoculum, respectively, suggesting sessile Lm can still upregulate virulence genes shortly after ingestion (12 h). Similarly, exposure to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 3) and intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7) for 13 h shows equal reduction in sessile and planktonic cell counts, but induces LAP and InlA expression and pathogenic phenotypes. Our data show that the virulence of biofilm-isolated Lm is temporarily attenuated and can be upregulated in mice during the early stage (12–24 hpi) but fully restored at a later stage (48 hpi) of infection. Our study further demonstrates that in vitro cell culture assay is unreliable; therefore, an animal model is essential for studying the pathogenesis of biofilm-isolated bacteria.Xingjian BaiDongqi LiuLuping XuShivendra TenguriaRishi DroliaNicholas L. F. GallinaAbigail D. CoxOk-Kyung KooArun K. BhuniaNature PortfolioarticleMicrobial ecologyQR100-130ENnpj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbial ecology QR100-130
spellingShingle	Microbial ecology QR100-130 Xingjian Bai Dongqi Liu Luping Xu Shivendra Tenguria Rishi Drolia Nicholas L. F. Gallina Abigail D. Cox Ok-Kyung Koo Arun K. Bhunia Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model
description	Abstract Environmental cues promote microbial biofilm formation and physiological and genetic heterogeneity. In food production facilities, biofilms produced by pathogens are a major source for food contamination; however, the pathogenesis of biofilm-isolated sessile cells is not well understood. We investigated the pathogenesis of sessile Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) using cell culture and mouse models. Lm sessile cells express reduced levels of the lap, inlA, hly, prfA, and sigB and show reduced adhesion, invasion, translocation, and cytotoxicity in the cell culture model than the planktonic cells. Oral challenge of C57BL/6 mice with food, clinical, or murinized-InlA (InlAm) strains reveals that at 12 and 24 h post-infection (hpi), Lm burdens are lower in tissues of mice infected with sessile cells than those infected with planktonic cells. However, these differences are negligible at 48 hpi. Besides, the expressions of inlA and lap mRNA in sessile Lm from intestinal content are about 6.0- and 280-fold higher than the sessle inoculum, respectively, suggesting sessile Lm can still upregulate virulence genes shortly after ingestion (12 h). Similarly, exposure to simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 3) and intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7) for 13 h shows equal reduction in sessile and planktonic cell counts, but induces LAP and InlA expression and pathogenic phenotypes. Our data show that the virulence of biofilm-isolated Lm is temporarily attenuated and can be upregulated in mice during the early stage (12–24 hpi) but fully restored at a later stage (48 hpi) of infection. Our study further demonstrates that in vitro cell culture assay is unreliable; therefore, an animal model is essential for studying the pathogenesis of biofilm-isolated bacteria.
format	article
author	Xingjian Bai Dongqi Liu Luping Xu Shivendra Tenguria Rishi Drolia Nicholas L. F. Gallina Abigail D. Cox Ok-Kyung Koo Arun K. Bhunia
author_facet	Xingjian Bai Dongqi Liu Luping Xu Shivendra Tenguria Rishi Drolia Nicholas L. F. Gallina Abigail D. Cox Ok-Kyung Koo Arun K. Bhunia
author_sort	Xingjian Bai
title	Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model
title_short	Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model
title_full	Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model
title_fullStr	Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model
title_full_unstemmed	Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model
title_sort	biofilm-isolated listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8380042883c44738a20de13c63850268
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Biofilm-isolated Listeria monocytogenes exhibits reduced systemic dissemination at the early (12–24 h) stage of infection in a mouse model

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