Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.

Toxic peptides containing D-amino acids are reported from the larvae of sawfly species. The compounds are suspected to constitute environmental contaminants, as they have killed livestock grazing in areas with congregations of such larvae, and related larval extracts are deleterious to ants. Previou...

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Autores principales:	Jean-Luc Boevé, Raoul Rozenberg, Akihiko Shinohara, Stefan Schmidt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/838c99ab3e934370b8005d0449e330ef
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:838c99ab3e934370b8005d0449e330ef2021-11-25T06:04:47ZToxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0105301https://doaj.org/article/838c99ab3e934370b8005d0449e330ef2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25121515/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Toxic peptides containing D-amino acids are reported from the larvae of sawfly species. The compounds are suspected to constitute environmental contaminants, as they have killed livestock grazing in areas with congregations of such larvae, and related larval extracts are deleterious to ants. Previously, two octapeptides (both called lophyrotomin) and three heptapeptides (pergidin, 4-valinepergidin and dephosphorylated pergidin) were identified from three species in the family Pergidae and one in Argidae. Here, the hypothesis of widespread occurrence of these peptides among sawflies was tested by LC-MS analyses of single larvae from eight pergid and 28 argid species, plus nine outgroup species. At least two of the five peptides were detected in most sawfly species, whereas none in any outgroup taxon. Wherever peptides were detected, they were present in each examined specimen of the respective species. Some species show high peptide concentrations, reaching up to 0.6% fresh weight of 4-valinepergidin (1.75 mg/larva) in the pergid Pterygophorus nr turneri. All analyzed pergids in the subfamily Pterygophorinae contained pergidin and 4-valinepergidin, all argids in Arginae contained pergidin and one of the two lophyrotomins, whereas none of the peptides was detected in any Perginae pergid or Sterictiphorinae argid (except in Schizocerella pilicornis, which contained pergidin). Three of the four sawfly species that were previously known to contain toxins were reanalyzed here, resulting in several, often strong, quantitative and qualitative differences in the chemical profiles. The most probable ecological role of the peptides is defense against natural enemies; the poisoning of livestock is an epiphenomenon.Jean-Luc BoevéRaoul RozenbergAkihiko ShinoharaStefan SchmidtPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 8, p e105301 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Jean-Luc Boevé Raoul Rozenberg Akihiko Shinohara Stefan Schmidt Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.
description	Toxic peptides containing D-amino acids are reported from the larvae of sawfly species. The compounds are suspected to constitute environmental contaminants, as they have killed livestock grazing in areas with congregations of such larvae, and related larval extracts are deleterious to ants. Previously, two octapeptides (both called lophyrotomin) and three heptapeptides (pergidin, 4-valinepergidin and dephosphorylated pergidin) were identified from three species in the family Pergidae and one in Argidae. Here, the hypothesis of widespread occurrence of these peptides among sawflies was tested by LC-MS analyses of single larvae from eight pergid and 28 argid species, plus nine outgroup species. At least two of the five peptides were detected in most sawfly species, whereas none in any outgroup taxon. Wherever peptides were detected, they were present in each examined specimen of the respective species. Some species show high peptide concentrations, reaching up to 0.6% fresh weight of 4-valinepergidin (1.75 mg/larva) in the pergid Pterygophorus nr turneri. All analyzed pergids in the subfamily Pterygophorinae contained pergidin and 4-valinepergidin, all argids in Arginae contained pergidin and one of the two lophyrotomins, whereas none of the peptides was detected in any Perginae pergid or Sterictiphorinae argid (except in Schizocerella pilicornis, which contained pergidin). Three of the four sawfly species that were previously known to contain toxins were reanalyzed here, resulting in several, often strong, quantitative and qualitative differences in the chemical profiles. The most probable ecological role of the peptides is defense against natural enemies; the poisoning of livestock is an epiphenomenon.
format	article
author	Jean-Luc Boevé Raoul Rozenberg Akihiko Shinohara Stefan Schmidt
author_facet	Jean-Luc Boevé Raoul Rozenberg Akihiko Shinohara Stefan Schmidt
author_sort	Jean-Luc Boevé
title	Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.
title_short	Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.
title_full	Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.
title_fullStr	Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.
title_full_unstemmed	Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.
title_sort	toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/838c99ab3e934370b8005d0449e330ef
work_keys_str_mv	AT jeanlucboeve toxicpeptidesoccurfrequentlyinpergidandargidsawflylarvae AT raoulrozenberg toxicpeptidesoccurfrequentlyinpergidandargidsawflylarvae AT akihikoshinohara toxicpeptidesoccurfrequentlyinpergidandargidsawflylarvae AT stefanschmidt toxicpeptidesoccurfrequentlyinpergidandargidsawflylarvae
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Toxic peptides occur frequently in pergid and argid sawfly larvae.

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