Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.

Stamen movements can be understood as a mechanism influencing pollen presentation and increasing outbreeding success of hermaphroditic flowers via optimized male function. In this study we experimentally analyzed the factors regulating autonomous and thigmonastic (triggered by flower visitors) stame...

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Autores principales:	Tilo Henning, Maximilian Weigend
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8391862c8a4c423095634d47b420d2e5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8391862c8a4c423095634d47b420d2e52021-11-18T07:08:17ZTotal control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0041121https://doaj.org/article/8391862c8a4c423095634d47b420d2e52012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22916102/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Stamen movements can be understood as a mechanism influencing pollen presentation and increasing outbreeding success of hermaphroditic flowers via optimized male function. In this study we experimentally analyzed the factors regulating autonomous and thigmonastic (triggered by flower visitors) stamen movements in eight species of Loasaceae. Both types of stamen movements are positively influenced by light and temperature and come to a virtual standstill in the dark and at low temperatures (12°C). Pollen presentation is thus discontinued during periods where pollinators are not active. Overall stamen presentation increases with increasing flower age. Contrary to expectation, no geometrical correlation between the floral scale stimulated and the stamen fascicle reacting exists, indicating that the stimulus is transmitted over the receptacle and stamen maturation dictates which and how many stamens react. Thigmonastic stamen presentation is dramatically accelerated compared to autonomous movement (3-37 times), indicating that the rate of stamen maturation can be adjusted to different visitation schedules. Flowers can react relatively uniformly down to stimulation intervals of 10-15 min., consistently presenting comparable numbers of stamens in the flower c. 5 min. after the stimulus and can thus keep the amount of pollen presented relatively constant even under very high visitation frequencies of 4-6 visits/h. Thigmonastic pollen presentation dramatically reduces the overall duration of the staminate phase (to 1/3(rd) in Nasa macrothyrsa). Similarly, the carpellate phase is dramatically reduced after pollination, down to 1 d from 4 d. Overall flower longevity is reduced by more than 2/3(rds) under high visitation rates (<3 d versus 10 d under visitor exclusion) and depleted and pollinated flowers are rapidly removed from the pool. Complex floral behaviour in Loasaceae thus permits a near-total control over pollen dispensation schedules and floral longevity of the individual flower by an extraordinary fine-tuning to both biotic and abiotic factors.Tilo HenningMaximilian WeigendPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 8, p e41121 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tilo Henning Maximilian Weigend Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.
description	Stamen movements can be understood as a mechanism influencing pollen presentation and increasing outbreeding success of hermaphroditic flowers via optimized male function. In this study we experimentally analyzed the factors regulating autonomous and thigmonastic (triggered by flower visitors) stamen movements in eight species of Loasaceae. Both types of stamen movements are positively influenced by light and temperature and come to a virtual standstill in the dark and at low temperatures (12°C). Pollen presentation is thus discontinued during periods where pollinators are not active. Overall stamen presentation increases with increasing flower age. Contrary to expectation, no geometrical correlation between the floral scale stimulated and the stamen fascicle reacting exists, indicating that the stimulus is transmitted over the receptacle and stamen maturation dictates which and how many stamens react. Thigmonastic stamen presentation is dramatically accelerated compared to autonomous movement (3-37 times), indicating that the rate of stamen maturation can be adjusted to different visitation schedules. Flowers can react relatively uniformly down to stimulation intervals of 10-15 min., consistently presenting comparable numbers of stamens in the flower c. 5 min. after the stimulus and can thus keep the amount of pollen presented relatively constant even under very high visitation frequencies of 4-6 visits/h. Thigmonastic pollen presentation dramatically reduces the overall duration of the staminate phase (to 1/3(rd) in Nasa macrothyrsa). Similarly, the carpellate phase is dramatically reduced after pollination, down to 1 d from 4 d. Overall flower longevity is reduced by more than 2/3(rds) under high visitation rates (<3 d versus 10 d under visitor exclusion) and depleted and pollinated flowers are rapidly removed from the pool. Complex floral behaviour in Loasaceae thus permits a near-total control over pollen dispensation schedules and floral longevity of the individual flower by an extraordinary fine-tuning to both biotic and abiotic factors.
format	article
author	Tilo Henning Maximilian Weigend
author_facet	Tilo Henning Maximilian Weigend
author_sort	Tilo Henning
title	Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.
title_short	Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.
title_full	Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.
title_fullStr	Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.
title_full_unstemmed	Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.
title_sort	total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/8391862c8a4c423095634d47b420d2e5
work_keys_str_mv	AT tilohenning totalcontrolpollenpresentationandflorallongevityinloasaceaeblazingstarfamilyaremodulatedbylighttemperatureandpollinatorvisitationrates AT maximilianweigend totalcontrolpollenpresentationandflorallongevityinloasaceaeblazingstarfamilyaremodulatedbylighttemperatureandpollinatorvisitationrates
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Total control - pollen presentation and floral longevity in Loasaceae (blazing star family) are modulated by light, temperature and pollinator visitation rates.

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