Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.

To investigate a specificity of spiders as a prototypical fear- and disgust-eliciting stimuli, we conducted an online experiment. The respondents rated images of 25 spiders, 12 non-spider chelicerates, and 10 other arthropods on a fear and disgust 7-point scale. The evaluation of 968 Central Europea...

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Autores principales:	Eva Landová, Markéta Janovcová, Iveta Štolhoferová, Silvie Rádlová, Petra Frýdlová, Kristýna Sedláčková, Daniel Frynta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/83992024feb346e3b44cd7b595afbe66
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:83992024feb346e3b44cd7b595afbe662021-12-02T20:14:13ZSpecificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257726https://doaj.org/article/83992024feb346e3b44cd7b595afbe662021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257726https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203To investigate a specificity of spiders as a prototypical fear- and disgust-eliciting stimuli, we conducted an online experiment. The respondents rated images of 25 spiders, 12 non-spider chelicerates, and 10 other arthropods on a fear and disgust 7-point scale. The evaluation of 968 Central European respondents confirmed the specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods and supported the notion of spiders as a cognitive category. We delineated this category as covering extant spider species as well as some other chelicerates bearing a physical resemblance to spiders, mainly whip spiders and camel spiders. We suggested calling this category the spider-like cognitive category. We discussed evolutionary roots of the spider-like category and concluded that its roots should be sought in fear, with disgust being secondary of the two emotions. We suggested other chelicerates, e.g., scorpions, might have been important in formation and fixation of the spider-like category. Further, we investigated an effect of respondent's sensitivity to a specific fear of spiders on evaluation of the stimuli. We found that suspected phobic respondents were in their rating nearly identical to those with only high fear of spiders and similar to those with only moderate fear of spiders. We concluded that results based on healthy respondents with elevated fear should also be considered relevant for arachnophobia research.Eva LandováMarkéta JanovcováIveta ŠtolhoferováSilvie RádlováPetra FrýdlováKristýna SedláčkováDaniel FryntaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257726 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eva Landová Markéta Janovcová Iveta Štolhoferová Silvie Rádlová Petra Frýdlová Kristýna Sedláčková Daniel Frynta Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.
description	To investigate a specificity of spiders as a prototypical fear- and disgust-eliciting stimuli, we conducted an online experiment. The respondents rated images of 25 spiders, 12 non-spider chelicerates, and 10 other arthropods on a fear and disgust 7-point scale. The evaluation of 968 Central European respondents confirmed the specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods and supported the notion of spiders as a cognitive category. We delineated this category as covering extant spider species as well as some other chelicerates bearing a physical resemblance to spiders, mainly whip spiders and camel spiders. We suggested calling this category the spider-like cognitive category. We discussed evolutionary roots of the spider-like category and concluded that its roots should be sought in fear, with disgust being secondary of the two emotions. We suggested other chelicerates, e.g., scorpions, might have been important in formation and fixation of the spider-like category. Further, we investigated an effect of respondent's sensitivity to a specific fear of spiders on evaluation of the stimuli. We found that suspected phobic respondents were in their rating nearly identical to those with only high fear of spiders and similar to those with only moderate fear of spiders. We concluded that results based on healthy respondents with elevated fear should also be considered relevant for arachnophobia research.
format	article
author	Eva Landová Markéta Janovcová Iveta Štolhoferová Silvie Rádlová Petra Frýdlová Kristýna Sedláčková Daniel Frynta
author_facet	Eva Landová Markéta Janovcová Iveta Štolhoferová Silvie Rádlová Petra Frýdlová Kristýna Sedláčková Daniel Frynta
author_sort	Eva Landová
title	Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.
title_short	Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.
title_full	Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.
title_fullStr	Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.
title_full_unstemmed	Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.
title_sort	specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: spiders are special, but phobics not so much.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/83992024feb346e3b44cd7b595afbe66
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Specificity of spiders among fear- and disgust-eliciting arthropods: Spiders are special, but phobics not so much.

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