Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo

A balance within the immune system is necessary for the proper development of ovarian follicles. Numerous cytokines were detected in follicular fluid, the role of which in reproductive physiology seems crucial. They influence the development and maturation of the follicle, ovulation, and corpus lute...

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Autores principales:	Rafał Adamczak, Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska, Kinga Lis, Mariusz Dubiel
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cytokines IL-8 G-CSF IFN-γ infertility follicular fluid Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/839c159998f547c89ed11389f9c09505
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:839c159998f547c89ed11389f9c09505
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:839c159998f547c89ed11389f9c095052021-11-25T18:18:57ZFunction of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo10.3390/medicina571112511648-91441010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/article/839c159998f547c89ed11389f9c095052021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/11/1251https://doaj.org/toc/1010-660Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/1648-9144A balance within the immune system is necessary for the proper development of ovarian follicles. Numerous cytokines were detected in follicular fluid, the role of which in reproductive physiology seems crucial. They influence the development and maturation of the follicle, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation, as well as embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. The analysis of follicular fluid requires its collection by puncturing of the ovary, which is usually executed in connection with various gynaecological procedures. When interpreting such test results, clinical indications for a given procedure and the method of patient preparation should be taken into account. This review revealed the results of currently available studies on the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in follicular fluid in various forms of infertility. Additionally, it presented cytokines, whose concentration has a significant impact on the size of ovarian follicles, their number, the effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation, development of the embryo, and chances of correct implantation. Despite the many recent publications, the knowledge of follicular fluid immunology in the context of reproductive pathology is superficial and further research is required to extensively understand the roles of individual cytokines in reproductive pathology. In the future, this knowledge may enable patients’ individual qualifications to individual methods of infertility treatment, as well as the possible adjustment of the treatment regimen to the patient’s immune profile.Rafał AdamczakNatalia Ukleja-SokołowskaKinga LisMariusz DubielMDPI AGarticlecytokinesIL-8G-CSFIFN-γinfertilityfollicular fluidMedicine (General)R5-920ENMedicina, Vol 57, Iss 1251, p 1251 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cytokines IL-8 G-CSF IFN-γ infertility follicular fluid Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	cytokines IL-8 G-CSF IFN-γ infertility follicular fluid Medicine (General) R5-920 Rafał Adamczak Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska Kinga Lis Mariusz Dubiel Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo
description	A balance within the immune system is necessary for the proper development of ovarian follicles. Numerous cytokines were detected in follicular fluid, the role of which in reproductive physiology seems crucial. They influence the development and maturation of the follicle, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation, as well as embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. The analysis of follicular fluid requires its collection by puncturing of the ovary, which is usually executed in connection with various gynaecological procedures. When interpreting such test results, clinical indications for a given procedure and the method of patient preparation should be taken into account. This review revealed the results of currently available studies on the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in follicular fluid in various forms of infertility. Additionally, it presented cytokines, whose concentration has a significant impact on the size of ovarian follicles, their number, the effectiveness of in vitro fertilisation, development of the embryo, and chances of correct implantation. Despite the many recent publications, the knowledge of follicular fluid immunology in the context of reproductive pathology is superficial and further research is required to extensively understand the roles of individual cytokines in reproductive pathology. In the future, this knowledge may enable patients’ individual qualifications to individual methods of infertility treatment, as well as the possible adjustment of the treatment regimen to the patient’s immune profile.
format	article
author	Rafał Adamczak Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska Kinga Lis Mariusz Dubiel
author_facet	Rafał Adamczak Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska Kinga Lis Mariusz Dubiel
author_sort	Rafał Adamczak
title	Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo
title_short	Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo
title_full	Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo
title_fullStr	Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo
title_full_unstemmed	Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo
title_sort	function of follicular cytokines: roles played during maturation, development and implantation of embryo
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/839c159998f547c89ed11389f9c09505
work_keys_str_mv	AT rafaładamczak functionoffollicularcytokinesrolesplayedduringmaturationdevelopmentandimplantationofembryo AT nataliauklejasokołowska functionoffollicularcytokinesrolesplayedduringmaturationdevelopmentandimplantationofembryo AT kingalis functionoffollicularcytokinesrolesplayedduringmaturationdevelopmentandimplantationofembryo AT mariuszdubiel functionoffollicularcytokinesrolesplayedduringmaturationdevelopmentandimplantationofembryo
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Function of Follicular Cytokines: Roles Played during Maturation, Development and Implantation of Embryo

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