Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC enables patients to avail curative therapies that can improve patient survival. Current international guidelines advocate for the enrollment of patients at high risk for HCC, like those wi...

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Autores principales:	Nia Adeniji, Renumathy Dhanasekaran
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/83aa6483118e42769fda9b21ffef4de6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:83aa6483118e42769fda9b21ffef4de62021-11-30T13:39:17ZCurrent and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance2471-254X10.1002/hep4.1823https://doaj.org/article/83aa6483118e42769fda9b21ffef4de62021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1823https://doaj.org/toc/2471-254XHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC enables patients to avail curative therapies that can improve patient survival. Current international guidelines advocate for the enrollment of patients at high risk for HCC, like those with cirrhosis, in surveillance programs that perform ultrasound every 6 months. In recent years, many studies have further characterized the utility of established screening strategies and have introduced new promising tools for HCC surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers for the detection of HCC. We discuss the role of imaging tools like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early detection of HCC, and describe recent innovations which can potentially enhance their applicability, including contrast enhanced ultrasound, low‐dose CT scans, and abbreviated MRI. Next, we outline the data supporting the use of three circulating biomarkers (i.e., alpha‐fetoprotein [AFP], AFP lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction, and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin) in HCC surveillance, and expand on multiple emerging liquid biopsy biomarkers, including methylated cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), cfDNA mutations, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells. These promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers have the potential to improve early detection, and thus improve survival, in patients with HCC.Nia AdenijiRenumathy DhanasekaranWileyarticleDiseases of the digestive system. GastroenterologyRC799-869ENHepatology Communications, Vol 5, Iss 12, Pp 1972-1986 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869
spellingShingle	Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869 Nia Adeniji Renumathy Dhanasekaran Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
description	Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Early detection of HCC enables patients to avail curative therapies that can improve patient survival. Current international guidelines advocate for the enrollment of patients at high risk for HCC, like those with cirrhosis, in surveillance programs that perform ultrasound every 6 months. In recent years, many studies have further characterized the utility of established screening strategies and have introduced new promising tools for HCC surveillance. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers for the detection of HCC. We discuss the role of imaging tools like ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early detection of HCC, and describe recent innovations which can potentially enhance their applicability, including contrast enhanced ultrasound, low‐dose CT scans, and abbreviated MRI. Next, we outline the data supporting the use of three circulating biomarkers (i.e., alpha‐fetoprotein [AFP], AFP lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction, and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin) in HCC surveillance, and expand on multiple emerging liquid biopsy biomarkers, including methylated cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), cfDNA mutations, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells. These promising new imaging modalities and biomarkers have the potential to improve early detection, and thus improve survival, in patients with HCC.
format	article
author	Nia Adeniji Renumathy Dhanasekaran
author_facet	Nia Adeniji Renumathy Dhanasekaran
author_sort	Nia Adeniji
title	Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
title_short	Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
title_full	Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
title_fullStr	Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
title_full_unstemmed	Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
title_sort	current and emerging tools for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/83aa6483118e42769fda9b21ffef4de6
work_keys_str_mv	AT niaadeniji currentandemergingtoolsforhepatocellularcarcinomasurveillance AT renumathydhanasekaran currentandemergingtoolsforhepatocellularcarcinomasurveillance
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Current and Emerging Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance

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