Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers

Fungi have developed a wide array of defense strategies to overcome mechanical injuries and pathogen infections. Recently, photoactivity has been discovered by showing that pigments isolated from <i>Cortinarius uliginosus</i> produce singlet oxygen under irradiation. To test if this phen...

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Autores principales:	Fabian Hammerle, Luis Quirós-Guerrero, Adriano Rutz, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Harald Schöbel, Ursula Peintner, Bianka Siewert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	FBMN fungal photosensitizers fungal pigments photodynamic therapy Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/83cbfed7ddfd4b08a20fb9f09f54350a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:83cbfed7ddfd4b08a20fb9f09f54350a2021-11-25T18:20:57ZFeature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers10.3390/metabo111107912218-1989https://doaj.org/article/83cbfed7ddfd4b08a20fb9f09f54350a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/791https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989Fungi have developed a wide array of defense strategies to overcome mechanical injuries and pathogen infections. Recently, photoactivity has been discovered by showing that pigments isolated from <i>Cortinarius uliginosus</i> produce singlet oxygen under irradiation. To test if this phenomenon is limited to dermocyboid Cortinarii, six colourful <i>Cortinarius</i> species belonging to different classical subgenera (i.e., <i>Dermocybe</i>, <i>Leprocybe</i>, <i>Myxacium</i>, <i>Phlegmacium</i>, and <i>Telamonia</i>) were investigated. Fungal extracts were explored by the combination of in vitro photobiological methods, UHPLC coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS<sup>2</sup>), feature-based molecular networking (FBMN), and metabolite dereplication techniques. The fungi <i>C.</i> <i>rubrophyllus</i> (<i>Dermocybe</i>) and <i>C.</i> <i>xanthophyllus</i> (<i>Phlegmacium</i>) exhibited promising photobiological activity in a low concentration range (1–7 µg/mL). Using UHPLC-HRMS<sup>2</sup>-based metabolomic tools, the underlying photoactive principle was investigated. Several monomeric and dimeric anthraquinones were annotated as compounds responsible for the photoactivity. Furthermore, the results showed that light-induced activity is not restricted to a single subgenus, but rather is a trait of <i>Cortinarius</i> species of different phylogenetic lineages and is linked to the presence of fungal anthraquinones. This study highlights the genus <i>Cortinarius</i> as a promising source for novel photopharmaceuticals. Additionally, we showed that putative dereplication of natural photosensitizers can be done by FBMN.Fabian HammerleLuis Quirós-GuerreroAdriano RutzJean-Luc WolfenderHarald SchöbelUrsula PeintnerBianka SiewertMDPI AGarticleFBMNfungal photosensitizersfungal pigmentsphotodynamic therapyMicrobiologyQR1-502ENMetabolites, Vol 11, Iss 791, p 791 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	FBMN fungal photosensitizers fungal pigments photodynamic therapy Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	FBMN fungal photosensitizers fungal pigments photodynamic therapy Microbiology QR1-502 Fabian Hammerle Luis Quirós-Guerrero Adriano Rutz Jean-Luc Wolfender Harald Schöbel Ursula Peintner Bianka Siewert Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers
description	Fungi have developed a wide array of defense strategies to overcome mechanical injuries and pathogen infections. Recently, photoactivity has been discovered by showing that pigments isolated from <i>Cortinarius uliginosus</i> produce singlet oxygen under irradiation. To test if this phenomenon is limited to dermocyboid Cortinarii, six colourful <i>Cortinarius</i> species belonging to different classical subgenera (i.e., <i>Dermocybe</i>, <i>Leprocybe</i>, <i>Myxacium</i>, <i>Phlegmacium</i>, and <i>Telamonia</i>) were investigated. Fungal extracts were explored by the combination of in vitro photobiological methods, UHPLC coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS<sup>2</sup>), feature-based molecular networking (FBMN), and metabolite dereplication techniques. The fungi <i>C.</i> <i>rubrophyllus</i> (<i>Dermocybe</i>) and <i>C.</i> <i>xanthophyllus</i> (<i>Phlegmacium</i>) exhibited promising photobiological activity in a low concentration range (1–7 µg/mL). Using UHPLC-HRMS<sup>2</sup>-based metabolomic tools, the underlying photoactive principle was investigated. Several monomeric and dimeric anthraquinones were annotated as compounds responsible for the photoactivity. Furthermore, the results showed that light-induced activity is not restricted to a single subgenus, but rather is a trait of <i>Cortinarius</i> species of different phylogenetic lineages and is linked to the presence of fungal anthraquinones. This study highlights the genus <i>Cortinarius</i> as a promising source for novel photopharmaceuticals. Additionally, we showed that putative dereplication of natural photosensitizers can be done by FBMN.
format	article
author	Fabian Hammerle Luis Quirós-Guerrero Adriano Rutz Jean-Luc Wolfender Harald Schöbel Ursula Peintner Bianka Siewert
author_facet	Fabian Hammerle Luis Quirós-Guerrero Adriano Rutz Jean-Luc Wolfender Harald Schöbel Ursula Peintner Bianka Siewert
author_sort	Fabian Hammerle
title	Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers
title_short	Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers
title_full	Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers
title_fullStr	Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers
title_full_unstemmed	Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers
title_sort	feature-based molecular networking—an exciting tool to spot species of the genus <i>cortinarius</i> with hidden photosensitizers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/83cbfed7ddfd4b08a20fb9f09f54350a
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_version_	1718411330131591168

Feature-Based Molecular Networking—An Exciting Tool to Spot Species of the Genus <i>Cortinarius</i> with Hidden Photosensitizers

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