A Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Objective: Biological age (BA) has been accepted as a more accurate proxy of aging than chronological age (CA). This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to estimate BA in the Chinese population.Materials and methods: We used data from 9,771 middle-aged and older Chinese adults (≥45 y...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:83f3f22631e046b8bbc22c7c1e1b36632021-12-01T22:36:52ZA Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study2296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.698851https://doaj.org/article/83f3f22631e046b8bbc22c7c1e1b36632021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.698851/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XObjective: Biological age (BA) has been accepted as a more accurate proxy of aging than chronological age (CA). This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to estimate BA in the Chinese population.Materials and methods: We used data from 9,771 middle-aged and older Chinese adults (≥45 years) in the 2011/2012 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and followed until 2018. We used several ML algorithms (e.g., Gradient Boosting Regressor, Random Forest, CatBoost Regressor, and Support Vector Machine) to develop new measures of biological aging (ML-BAs) based on physiological biomarkers. R-squared value and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to determine the optimal performance of these ML-BAs. We used logistic regression models to examine the associations of the best ML-BA and a conventional aging measure—Klemera and Doubal method-BA (KDM-BA) we previously developed—with physical disability and mortality, respectively.Results: The Gradient Boosting Regression model performed the best, resulting in an ML-BA with an R-squared value of 0.270 and an MAE of 6.519. This ML-BA was significantly associated with disability in basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, lower extremity mobility, and upper extremity mobility, and mortality, with odds ratios ranging from 1 to 7% (per 1-year increment in ML-BA, all P < 0.001), independent of CA. These associations were generally comparable to that of KDM-BA.Conclusion: This study provides a valid ML-based measure of biological aging for middle-aged and older Chinese adults. These findings support the application of ML in geroscience research and may help facilitate preventive and geroprotector intervention studies.Xingqi CaoGuanglai YangXurui JinXurui JinLiu HeXueqin LiZhoutao ZhengZuyun LiuChenkai WuFrontiers Media S.A.articlebiological agedisabilitymachine learningmortalityaging measureMedicine (General)R5-920ENFrontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021) |
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biological age disability machine learning mortality aging measure Medicine (General) R5-920 |
| spellingShingle |
biological age disability machine learning mortality aging measure Medicine (General) R5-920 Xingqi Cao Guanglai Yang Xurui Jin Xurui Jin Liu He Xueqin Li Zhoutao Zheng Zuyun Liu Chenkai Wu A Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| description |
Objective: Biological age (BA) has been accepted as a more accurate proxy of aging than chronological age (CA). This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to estimate BA in the Chinese population.Materials and methods: We used data from 9,771 middle-aged and older Chinese adults (≥45 years) in the 2011/2012 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and followed until 2018. We used several ML algorithms (e.g., Gradient Boosting Regressor, Random Forest, CatBoost Regressor, and Support Vector Machine) to develop new measures of biological aging (ML-BAs) based on physiological biomarkers. R-squared value and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to determine the optimal performance of these ML-BAs. We used logistic regression models to examine the associations of the best ML-BA and a conventional aging measure—Klemera and Doubal method-BA (KDM-BA) we previously developed—with physical disability and mortality, respectively.Results: The Gradient Boosting Regression model performed the best, resulting in an ML-BA with an R-squared value of 0.270 and an MAE of 6.519. This ML-BA was significantly associated with disability in basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, lower extremity mobility, and upper extremity mobility, and mortality, with odds ratios ranging from 1 to 7% (per 1-year increment in ML-BA, all P < 0.001), independent of CA. These associations were generally comparable to that of KDM-BA.Conclusion: This study provides a valid ML-based measure of biological aging for middle-aged and older Chinese adults. These findings support the application of ML in geroscience research and may help facilitate preventive and geroprotector intervention studies. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Xingqi Cao Guanglai Yang Xurui Jin Xurui Jin Liu He Xueqin Li Zhoutao Zheng Zuyun Liu Chenkai Wu |
| author_facet |
Xingqi Cao Guanglai Yang Xurui Jin Xurui Jin Liu He Xueqin Li Zhoutao Zheng Zuyun Liu Chenkai Wu |
| author_sort |
Xingqi Cao |
| title |
A Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_short |
A Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_full |
A Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_fullStr |
A Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Machine Learning-Based Aging Measure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study |
| title_sort |
machine learning-based aging measure among middle-aged and older chinese adults: the china health and retirement longitudinal study |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/83f3f22631e046b8bbc22c7c1e1b3663 |
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