GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep
Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABAA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2019
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oai:doaj.org-article:8413a759dbe14e259ccd6f93b96405fe2021-11-17T14:21:55ZGABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep1388-02091744-511610.1080/13880209.2018.1557698https://doaj.org/article/8413a759dbe14e259ccd6f93b96405fe2019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2018.1557698https://doaj.org/toc/1388-0209https://doaj.org/toc/1744-5116Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABAA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits. Objective: This study investigated the potential synergistic sleep enhancement effect of GABA/l-theanine mixture. Materials and methods: Pentobarbital-induced sleep test was applied to find proper concentration for sleep-promoting effect in ICR mice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was performed to investigate total sleeping time and sleep quality in normal SD rats and caffeine-induced awareness model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to investigate whether the sleep-promoting mechanism of GABA/l-theanine mixture involved transcriptional processes. Results: GABA/l-theanine mixture (100/20 mg/kg) showed a decrease in sleep latency (20.7 and 14.9%) and an increase in sleep duration (87.3 and 26.8%) compared to GABA or theanine alone. GABA/l-theanine mixture led to a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) (99.6%) and non-REM (NREM) (20.6%) compared to controls. The use of GABA/l-theanine mixture rather than GABA or l-theanine alone restored to normal levels sleep time and quality in the arousal animal model. The administration of GABA/l-theanine led to increased expression of GABA and the glutamate GluN1 receptor subunit. Conclusions: GABA/l-theanine mixture has a positive synergistic effect on sleep quality and duration as compared to the GABA or l-theanine alone. The increase in GABA receptor and GluN1 expression is attributed to the potential neuromodulatory properties of GABA/l-theanine combination, which seems to affect sleep behaviour.Suhyeon KimKyungae JoKi-Bae HongSung Hee HanHyung Joo SuhTaylor & Francis Grouparticleγ-aminobutyric acidinsomniapentobarbital-induced sleep testelectroencephalographyTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENPharmaceutical Biology, Vol 57, Iss 1, Pp 64-72 (2019) |
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γ-aminobutyric acid insomnia pentobarbital-induced sleep test electroencephalography Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 |
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γ-aminobutyric acid insomnia pentobarbital-induced sleep test electroencephalography Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Suhyeon Kim Kyungae Jo Ki-Bae Hong Sung Hee Han Hyung Joo Suh GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep |
description |
Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABAA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits. Objective: This study investigated the potential synergistic sleep enhancement effect of GABA/l-theanine mixture. Materials and methods: Pentobarbital-induced sleep test was applied to find proper concentration for sleep-promoting effect in ICR mice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was performed to investigate total sleeping time and sleep quality in normal SD rats and caffeine-induced awareness model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to investigate whether the sleep-promoting mechanism of GABA/l-theanine mixture involved transcriptional processes. Results: GABA/l-theanine mixture (100/20 mg/kg) showed a decrease in sleep latency (20.7 and 14.9%) and an increase in sleep duration (87.3 and 26.8%) compared to GABA or theanine alone. GABA/l-theanine mixture led to a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) (99.6%) and non-REM (NREM) (20.6%) compared to controls. The use of GABA/l-theanine mixture rather than GABA or l-theanine alone restored to normal levels sleep time and quality in the arousal animal model. The administration of GABA/l-theanine led to increased expression of GABA and the glutamate GluN1 receptor subunit. Conclusions: GABA/l-theanine mixture has a positive synergistic effect on sleep quality and duration as compared to the GABA or l-theanine alone. The increase in GABA receptor and GluN1 expression is attributed to the potential neuromodulatory properties of GABA/l-theanine combination, which seems to affect sleep behaviour. |
format |
article |
author |
Suhyeon Kim Kyungae Jo Ki-Bae Hong Sung Hee Han Hyung Joo Suh |
author_facet |
Suhyeon Kim Kyungae Jo Ki-Bae Hong Sung Hee Han Hyung Joo Suh |
author_sort |
Suhyeon Kim |
title |
GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep |
title_short |
GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep |
title_full |
GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep |
title_fullStr |
GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep |
title_full_unstemmed |
GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep |
title_sort |
gaba and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves nrem sleep |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Group |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/8413a759dbe14e259ccd6f93b96405fe |
work_keys_str_mv |
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