GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep

Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABAA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits...

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Autores principales: Suhyeon Kim, Kyungae Jo, Ki-Bae Hong, Sung Hee Han, Hyung Joo Suh
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Group 2019
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/8413a759dbe14e259ccd6f93b96405fe
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:8413a759dbe14e259ccd6f93b96405fe2021-11-17T14:21:55ZGABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep1388-02091744-511610.1080/13880209.2018.1557698https://doaj.org/article/8413a759dbe14e259ccd6f93b96405fe2019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2018.1557698https://doaj.org/toc/1388-0209https://doaj.org/toc/1744-5116Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABAA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits. Objective: This study investigated the potential synergistic sleep enhancement effect of GABA/l-theanine mixture. Materials and methods: Pentobarbital-induced sleep test was applied to find proper concentration for sleep-promoting effect in ICR mice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was performed to investigate total sleeping time and sleep quality in normal SD rats and caffeine-induced awareness model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to investigate whether the sleep-promoting mechanism of GABA/l-theanine mixture involved transcriptional processes. Results: GABA/l-theanine mixture (100/20 mg/kg) showed a decrease in sleep latency (20.7 and 14.9%) and an increase in sleep duration (87.3 and 26.8%) compared to GABA or theanine alone. GABA/l-theanine mixture led to a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) (99.6%) and non-REM (NREM) (20.6%) compared to controls. The use of GABA/l-theanine mixture rather than GABA or l-theanine alone restored to normal levels sleep time and quality in the arousal animal model. The administration of GABA/l-theanine led to increased expression of GABA and the glutamate GluN1 receptor subunit. Conclusions: GABA/l-theanine mixture has a positive synergistic effect on sleep quality and duration as compared to the GABA or l-theanine alone. The increase in GABA receptor and GluN1 expression is attributed to the potential neuromodulatory properties of GABA/l-theanine combination, which seems to affect sleep behaviour.Suhyeon KimKyungae JoKi-Bae HongSung Hee HanHyung Joo SuhTaylor & Francis Grouparticleγ-aminobutyric acidinsomniapentobarbital-induced sleep testelectroencephalographyTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENPharmaceutical Biology, Vol 57, Iss 1, Pp 64-72 (2019)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic γ-aminobutyric acid
insomnia
pentobarbital-induced sleep test
electroencephalography
Therapeutics. Pharmacology
RM1-950
spellingShingle γ-aminobutyric acid
insomnia
pentobarbital-induced sleep test
electroencephalography
Therapeutics. Pharmacology
RM1-950
Suhyeon Kim
Kyungae Jo
Ki-Bae Hong
Sung Hee Han
Hyung Joo Suh
GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep
description Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABAA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits. Objective: This study investigated the potential synergistic sleep enhancement effect of GABA/l-theanine mixture. Materials and methods: Pentobarbital-induced sleep test was applied to find proper concentration for sleep-promoting effect in ICR mice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was performed to investigate total sleeping time and sleep quality in normal SD rats and caffeine-induced awareness model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to investigate whether the sleep-promoting mechanism of GABA/l-theanine mixture involved transcriptional processes. Results: GABA/l-theanine mixture (100/20 mg/kg) showed a decrease in sleep latency (20.7 and 14.9%) and an increase in sleep duration (87.3 and 26.8%) compared to GABA or theanine alone. GABA/l-theanine mixture led to a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) (99.6%) and non-REM (NREM) (20.6%) compared to controls. The use of GABA/l-theanine mixture rather than GABA or l-theanine alone restored to normal levels sleep time and quality in the arousal animal model. The administration of GABA/l-theanine led to increased expression of GABA and the glutamate GluN1 receptor subunit. Conclusions: GABA/l-theanine mixture has a positive synergistic effect on sleep quality and duration as compared to the GABA or l-theanine alone. The increase in GABA receptor and GluN1 expression is attributed to the potential neuromodulatory properties of GABA/l-theanine combination, which seems to affect sleep behaviour.
format article
author Suhyeon Kim
Kyungae Jo
Ki-Bae Hong
Sung Hee Han
Hyung Joo Suh
author_facet Suhyeon Kim
Kyungae Jo
Ki-Bae Hong
Sung Hee Han
Hyung Joo Suh
author_sort Suhyeon Kim
title GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep
title_short GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep
title_full GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep
title_fullStr GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep
title_full_unstemmed GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep
title_sort gaba and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves nrem sleep
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate 2019
url https://doaj.org/article/8413a759dbe14e259ccd6f93b96405fe
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