Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques

In this study, several wall painting fragments discovered in the Roman baths from the archeological site Alburnus Maior (Roşia Montană, Romania) were analyzed with the aim to investigate the material composition of both plasters and pictorial layers. Dated from the beginning of the second century AD...

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Autores principales:	Ioana Maria Cortea, Lucian Ratoiu, Luminița Ghervase, Ovidiu Țentea, Mihaela Dinu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Roman wall paintings Roman baths FTIR XRF XRD hyperspectral imaging Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8426478d56a8421dbdafd229e1ff5643
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8426478d56a8421dbdafd229e1ff56432021-11-11T15:07:57ZInvestigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques10.3390/app1121100492076-3417https://doaj.org/article/8426478d56a8421dbdafd229e1ff56432021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10049https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417In this study, several wall painting fragments discovered in the Roman baths from the archeological site Alburnus Maior (Roşia Montană, Romania) were analyzed with the aim to investigate the material composition of both plasters and pictorial layers. Dated from the beginning of the second century AD, these rare findings stand among the oldest examples of preserved decorative polychrome paintings on plaster excavated thus far in the former territory of the Roman province of Dacia. A non-destructive multi-analytical approach based on complementary techniques was considered: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV fluorescence, and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The obtained results highlight a common Roman color palette mainly based on naturally occurring earth pigments. Red ochre, yellow ochre, manganese-rich ochres/wads, carbon black, and calcite were identified. A traditional two-layer sequence of plasters was found—<i>arriccio</i> (based on lime and siliceous sands), and <i>intonaco</i> (pure lime). The presence of an organic protein binder, identified via FTIR analysis, and sustained by combined imaging documentation, indicates that the pigments were applied <i>a secco</i>. The obtained results are discussed in relation to previous published data, and they can be considered as valuable archeological indicators that contribute to the understanding of the painting techniques and the materials used in the Roman provinces.Ioana Maria CorteaLucian RatoiuLuminița GhervaseOvidiu ȚenteaMihaela DinuMDPI AGarticleRoman wall paintingsRoman bathsFTIRXRFXRDhyperspectral imagingTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10049, p 10049 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Roman wall paintings Roman baths FTIR XRF XRD hyperspectral imaging Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	Roman wall paintings Roman baths FTIR XRF XRD hyperspectral imaging Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Ioana Maria Cortea Lucian Ratoiu Luminița Ghervase Ovidiu Țentea Mihaela Dinu Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques
description	In this study, several wall painting fragments discovered in the Roman baths from the archeological site Alburnus Maior (Roşia Montană, Romania) were analyzed with the aim to investigate the material composition of both plasters and pictorial layers. Dated from the beginning of the second century AD, these rare findings stand among the oldest examples of preserved decorative polychrome paintings on plaster excavated thus far in the former territory of the Roman province of Dacia. A non-destructive multi-analytical approach based on complementary techniques was considered: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV fluorescence, and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The obtained results highlight a common Roman color palette mainly based on naturally occurring earth pigments. Red ochre, yellow ochre, manganese-rich ochres/wads, carbon black, and calcite were identified. A traditional two-layer sequence of plasters was found—<i>arriccio</i> (based on lime and siliceous sands), and <i>intonaco</i> (pure lime). The presence of an organic protein binder, identified via FTIR analysis, and sustained by combined imaging documentation, indicates that the pigments were applied <i>a secco</i>. The obtained results are discussed in relation to previous published data, and they can be considered as valuable archeological indicators that contribute to the understanding of the painting techniques and the materials used in the Roman provinces.
format	article
author	Ioana Maria Cortea Lucian Ratoiu Luminița Ghervase Ovidiu Țentea Mihaela Dinu
author_facet	Ioana Maria Cortea Lucian Ratoiu Luminița Ghervase Ovidiu Țentea Mihaela Dinu
author_sort	Ioana Maria Cortea
title	Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques
title_short	Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques
title_full	Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques
title_fullStr	Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques
title_full_unstemmed	Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques
title_sort	investigation of ancient wall painting fragments discovered in the roman baths from alburnus maior by complementary non-destructive techniques
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/8426478d56a8421dbdafd229e1ff5643
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Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques

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