All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics

Quantum catalysis is a fascinating concept that demonstrates how certain transformations can only become possible when given access to a specific resource that has to be returned unaffected. It was first discovered in the context of entanglement theory, and since then, it has been applied in a numbe...

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Autores principales:	Patryk Lipka-Bartosik, Paul Skrzypczyk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/843c0e62da774817b640fa95df484d55
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:843c0e62da774817b640fa95df484d552021-12-02T17:02:45ZAll States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics10.1103/PhysRevX.11.0110612160-3308https://doaj.org/article/843c0e62da774817b640fa95df484d552021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.011061http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.011061https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308Quantum catalysis is a fascinating concept that demonstrates how certain transformations can only become possible when given access to a specific resource that has to be returned unaffected. It was first discovered in the context of entanglement theory, and since then, it has been applied in a number of resource-theoretic frameworks, including quantum thermodynamics. Although, in that case, the necessary (and sometimes also sufficient) conditions on the existence of a catalyst are known, almost nothing is known about the precise form of the catalyst state required by the transformation. In particular, it is not clear whether it has to have some special properties or be finely tuned to the desired transformation. In this work, we describe a surprising property of multicopy states: We show that in resource theories governed by majorization, all resourceful states are catalysts for all allowed transformations. In quantum thermodynamics, this means that the so-called “second laws of thermodynamics” do not require a fine-tuned catalyst; rather, any state, given sufficiently many copies, can serve as a useful catalyst. These analytic results are accompanied by several numerical investigations that indicate that neither a multicopy form nor a very-large-dimension catalyst is required to activate most allowed transformations catalytically.Patryk Lipka-BartosikPaul SkrzypczykAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 011061 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Patryk Lipka-Bartosik Paul Skrzypczyk All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics
description	Quantum catalysis is a fascinating concept that demonstrates how certain transformations can only become possible when given access to a specific resource that has to be returned unaffected. It was first discovered in the context of entanglement theory, and since then, it has been applied in a number of resource-theoretic frameworks, including quantum thermodynamics. Although, in that case, the necessary (and sometimes also sufficient) conditions on the existence of a catalyst are known, almost nothing is known about the precise form of the catalyst state required by the transformation. In particular, it is not clear whether it has to have some special properties or be finely tuned to the desired transformation. In this work, we describe a surprising property of multicopy states: We show that in resource theories governed by majorization, all resourceful states are catalysts for all allowed transformations. In quantum thermodynamics, this means that the so-called “second laws of thermodynamics” do not require a fine-tuned catalyst; rather, any state, given sufficiently many copies, can serve as a useful catalyst. These analytic results are accompanied by several numerical investigations that indicate that neither a multicopy form nor a very-large-dimension catalyst is required to activate most allowed transformations catalytically.
format	article
author	Patryk Lipka-Bartosik Paul Skrzypczyk
author_facet	Patryk Lipka-Bartosik Paul Skrzypczyk
author_sort	Patryk Lipka-Bartosik
title	All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics
title_short	All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics
title_full	All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics
title_fullStr	All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics
title_full_unstemmed	All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics
title_sort	all states are universal catalysts in quantum thermodynamics
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/843c0e62da774817b640fa95df484d55
work_keys_str_mv	AT patryklipkabartosik allstatesareuniversalcatalystsinquantumthermodynamics AT paulskrzypczyk allstatesareuniversalcatalystsinquantumthermodynamics
_version_	1718381916515729408

All States are Universal Catalysts in Quantum Thermodynamics

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