Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.

<h4>Background</h4>Our body schema gives the subjective impression of being highly stable. However, a number of easily-evoked illusions illustrate its remarkable malleability. In the rubber-hand illusion, illusory ownership of a rubber-hand is evoked by synchronous visual and tactile sti...

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Autores principales:	Maria V Sanchez-Vives, Bernhard Spanlang, Antonio Frisoli, Massimo Bergamasco, Mel Slater
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/843caa6308d8480980b8a38cefaf5359
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:843caa6308d8480980b8a38cefaf5359
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:843caa6308d8480980b8a38cefaf53592021-12-02T20:22:01ZVirtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0010381https://doaj.org/article/843caa6308d8480980b8a38cefaf53592010-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20454463/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Our body schema gives the subjective impression of being highly stable. However, a number of easily-evoked illusions illustrate its remarkable malleability. In the rubber-hand illusion, illusory ownership of a rubber-hand is evoked by synchronous visual and tactile stimulation on a visible rubber arm and on the hidden real arm. Ownership is concurrent with a proprioceptive illusion of displacement of the arm position towards the fake arm. We have previously shown that this illusion of ownership plus the proprioceptive displacement also occurs towards a virtual 3D projection of an arm when the appropriate synchronous visuotactile stimulation is provided. Our objective here was to explore whether these illusions (ownership and proprioceptive displacement) can be induced by only synchronous visuomotor stimulation, in the absence of tactile stimulation.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To achieve this we used a data-glove that uses sensors transmitting the positions of fingers to a virtually projected hand in the synchronous but not in the asynchronous condition. The illusion of ownership was measured by means of questionnaires. Questions related to ownership gave significantly larger values for the synchronous than for the asynchronous condition. Proprioceptive displacement provided an objective measure of the illusion and had a median value of 3.5 cm difference between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions. In addition, the correlation between the feeling of ownership of the virtual arm and the size of the drift was significant.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We conclude that synchrony between visual and proprioceptive information along with motor activity is able to induce an illusion of ownership over a virtual arm. This has implications regarding the brain mechanisms underlying body ownership as well as the use of virtual bodies in therapies and rehabilitation.Maria V Sanchez-VivesBernhard SpanlangAntonio FrisoliMassimo BergamascoMel SlaterPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 4, p e10381 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Maria V Sanchez-Vives Bernhard Spanlang Antonio Frisoli Massimo Bergamasco Mel Slater Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Our body schema gives the subjective impression of being highly stable. However, a number of easily-evoked illusions illustrate its remarkable malleability. In the rubber-hand illusion, illusory ownership of a rubber-hand is evoked by synchronous visual and tactile stimulation on a visible rubber arm and on the hidden real arm. Ownership is concurrent with a proprioceptive illusion of displacement of the arm position towards the fake arm. We have previously shown that this illusion of ownership plus the proprioceptive displacement also occurs towards a virtual 3D projection of an arm when the appropriate synchronous visuotactile stimulation is provided. Our objective here was to explore whether these illusions (ownership and proprioceptive displacement) can be induced by only synchronous visuomotor stimulation, in the absence of tactile stimulation.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>To achieve this we used a data-glove that uses sensors transmitting the positions of fingers to a virtually projected hand in the synchronous but not in the asynchronous condition. The illusion of ownership was measured by means of questionnaires. Questions related to ownership gave significantly larger values for the synchronous than for the asynchronous condition. Proprioceptive displacement provided an objective measure of the illusion and had a median value of 3.5 cm difference between the synchronous and asynchronous conditions. In addition, the correlation between the feeling of ownership of the virtual arm and the size of the drift was significant.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We conclude that synchrony between visual and proprioceptive information along with motor activity is able to induce an illusion of ownership over a virtual arm. This has implications regarding the brain mechanisms underlying body ownership as well as the use of virtual bodies in therapies and rehabilitation.
format	article
author	Maria V Sanchez-Vives Bernhard Spanlang Antonio Frisoli Massimo Bergamasco Mel Slater
author_facet	Maria V Sanchez-Vives Bernhard Spanlang Antonio Frisoli Massimo Bergamasco Mel Slater
author_sort	Maria V Sanchez-Vives
title	Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.
title_short	Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.
title_full	Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.
title_fullStr	Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.
title_full_unstemmed	Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.
title_sort	virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/843caa6308d8480980b8a38cefaf5359
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariavsanchezvives virtualhandillusioninducedbyvisuomotorcorrelations AT bernhardspanlang virtualhandillusioninducedbyvisuomotorcorrelations AT antoniofrisoli virtualhandillusioninducedbyvisuomotorcorrelations AT massimobergamasco virtualhandillusioninducedbyvisuomotorcorrelations AT melslater virtualhandillusioninducedbyvisuomotorcorrelations
_version_	1718374117665669120

Virtual hand illusion induced by visuomotor correlations.

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