Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)

Cholera remains a heavy burden worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan African countries, which account for the majority of the reported cases on the continent. In this study, a 27-year retrospective analysis of cholera epidemics in Guinea-Bissau was performed in order to highlight major stressors fuel...

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Autores principales:	Ana Machado, Eva Amorim, Adriano A. Bordalo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cholera waterborne diseases WASH Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/847ce93f0fd24a2a835023f2d627df98
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:847ce93f0fd24a2a835023f2d627df982021-11-11T16:26:50ZMajor Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)10.3390/ijerph1821112961660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/847ce93f0fd24a2a835023f2d627df982021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11296https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Cholera remains a heavy burden worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan African countries, which account for the majority of the reported cases on the continent. In this study, a 27-year retrospective analysis of cholera epidemics in Guinea-Bissau was performed in order to highlight major stressors fueling the trigger and dissemination of the disease. Although the role of environmental factors did not always have the same degree of importance for the onset of epidemics, a cholera seasonal pattern was clearly perceived, with most of the reported cases occurring during the wet season. The generated theoretical hypothesis indicated rainfall above climatological average, associated with a lack of WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) infrastructure, and the occurrence of concomitant epidemics in neighboring countries as the key indicators for optimal conditions for cholera to thrive in Guinea-Bissau. Warmer air temperature, the increase in sea surface temperature, and the decrease in salinity in the coastal areas may also contribute to the emergence and/or aggravation of cholera events. Prediction of the conditions favorable for cholera growth and identification of risk pathways will allow the timely allocation of resources, and support the development of alert tools and mitigation strategies.Ana MachadoEva AmorimAdriano A. BordaloMDPI AGarticlecholerawaterborne diseasesWASHGuinea-BissauSub-Saharan AfricaMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11296, p 11296 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cholera waterborne diseases WASH Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Medicine R
spellingShingle	cholera waterborne diseases WASH Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa Medicine R Ana Machado Eva Amorim Adriano A. Bordalo Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
description	Cholera remains a heavy burden worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan African countries, which account for the majority of the reported cases on the continent. In this study, a 27-year retrospective analysis of cholera epidemics in Guinea-Bissau was performed in order to highlight major stressors fueling the trigger and dissemination of the disease. Although the role of environmental factors did not always have the same degree of importance for the onset of epidemics, a cholera seasonal pattern was clearly perceived, with most of the reported cases occurring during the wet season. The generated theoretical hypothesis indicated rainfall above climatological average, associated with a lack of WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) infrastructure, and the occurrence of concomitant epidemics in neighboring countries as the key indicators for optimal conditions for cholera to thrive in Guinea-Bissau. Warmer air temperature, the increase in sea surface temperature, and the decrease in salinity in the coastal areas may also contribute to the emergence and/or aggravation of cholera events. Prediction of the conditions favorable for cholera growth and identification of risk pathways will allow the timely allocation of resources, and support the development of alert tools and mitigation strategies.
format	article
author	Ana Machado Eva Amorim Adriano A. Bordalo
author_facet	Ana Machado Eva Amorim Adriano A. Bordalo
author_sort	Ana Machado
title	Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
title_short	Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
title_full	Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
title_fullStr	Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
title_full_unstemmed	Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
title_sort	major stressors favoring cholera trigger and dissemination in guinea-bissau (west africa)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/847ce93f0fd24a2a835023f2d627df98
work_keys_str_mv	AT anamachado majorstressorsfavoringcholeratriggeranddisseminationinguineabissauwestafrica AT evaamorim majorstressorsfavoringcholeratriggeranddisseminationinguineabissauwestafrica AT adrianoabordalo majorstressorsfavoringcholeratriggeranddisseminationinguineabissauwestafrica
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Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)

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