A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.

Plant viruses can produce direct and plant-mediated indirect effects on their insect vectors, modifying their life cycle, fitness and behavior. Viruses may benefit from such changes leading to enhanced transmission efficiency and spread. In our study, female adults of Bemisia tabaci were subjected t...

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Autores principales:	Ana Moreno-Delafuente, Elisa Garzo, Aranzazu Moreno, Alberto Fereres
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/847e0e0b096547f19217f4819dfe2dbd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:847e0e0b096547f19217f4819dfe2dbd2021-11-18T07:49:19ZA plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0061543https://doaj.org/article/847e0e0b096547f19217f4819dfe2dbd2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23613872/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Plant viruses can produce direct and plant-mediated indirect effects on their insect vectors, modifying their life cycle, fitness and behavior. Viruses may benefit from such changes leading to enhanced transmission efficiency and spread. In our study, female adults of Bemisia tabaci were subjected to an acquisition access period of 72 h in Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)-infected and non-infected tomato plants to obtain viruliferous and non-viruliferous whiteflies, respectively. Insects that were exposed to virus-infected plants were checked by PCR to verify their viruliferous status. Results of the Ethovision video tracking bioassays indicated that TYLCV induced an arrestant behavior of B. tabaci, as viruliferous whitefly adults remained motionless for more time and moved slower than non-viruliferous whiteflies after their first contact with eggplant leaf discs. In fact, Electrical Penetration Graphs showed that TYLCV-viruliferous B. tabaci fed more often from phloem sieve elements and made a larger number of phloem contacts (increased number of E1, E2 and sustained E2 per insect, p<0.05) in eggplants than non-viruliferous whiteflies. Furthermore, the duration of the salivation phase in phloem sieve elements (E1) preceding sustained sap ingestion was longer in viruliferous than in non-viruliferous whiteflies (p<0.05). This particular probing behavior is known to significantly enhance the inoculation efficiency of TYLCV by B. tabaci. Our results show evidence that TYLCV directly manipulates the settling, probing and feeding behavior of its vector B. tabaci in a way that enhances virus transmission efficiency and spread. Furthermore, TYLCV-B. tabaci interactions are mutually beneficial to both the virus and its vector because B. tabaci feeds more efficiently after acquisition of TYLCV. This outcome has clear implications in the epidemiology and management of the TYLCV-B. tabaci complex.Ana Moreno-DelafuenteElisa GarzoAranzazu MorenoAlberto FereresPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e61543 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ana Moreno-Delafuente Elisa Garzo Aranzazu Moreno Alberto Fereres A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.
description	Plant viruses can produce direct and plant-mediated indirect effects on their insect vectors, modifying their life cycle, fitness and behavior. Viruses may benefit from such changes leading to enhanced transmission efficiency and spread. In our study, female adults of Bemisia tabaci were subjected to an acquisition access period of 72 h in Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)-infected and non-infected tomato plants to obtain viruliferous and non-viruliferous whiteflies, respectively. Insects that were exposed to virus-infected plants were checked by PCR to verify their viruliferous status. Results of the Ethovision video tracking bioassays indicated that TYLCV induced an arrestant behavior of B. tabaci, as viruliferous whitefly adults remained motionless for more time and moved slower than non-viruliferous whiteflies after their first contact with eggplant leaf discs. In fact, Electrical Penetration Graphs showed that TYLCV-viruliferous B. tabaci fed more often from phloem sieve elements and made a larger number of phloem contacts (increased number of E1, E2 and sustained E2 per insect, p<0.05) in eggplants than non-viruliferous whiteflies. Furthermore, the duration of the salivation phase in phloem sieve elements (E1) preceding sustained sap ingestion was longer in viruliferous than in non-viruliferous whiteflies (p<0.05). This particular probing behavior is known to significantly enhance the inoculation efficiency of TYLCV by B. tabaci. Our results show evidence that TYLCV directly manipulates the settling, probing and feeding behavior of its vector B. tabaci in a way that enhances virus transmission efficiency and spread. Furthermore, TYLCV-B. tabaci interactions are mutually beneficial to both the virus and its vector because B. tabaci feeds more efficiently after acquisition of TYLCV. This outcome has clear implications in the epidemiology and management of the TYLCV-B. tabaci complex.
format	article
author	Ana Moreno-Delafuente Elisa Garzo Aranzazu Moreno Alberto Fereres
author_facet	Ana Moreno-Delafuente Elisa Garzo Aranzazu Moreno Alberto Fereres
author_sort	Ana Moreno-Delafuente
title	A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.
title_short	A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.
title_full	A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.
title_fullStr	A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.
title_full_unstemmed	A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.
title_sort	plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/847e0e0b096547f19217f4819dfe2dbd
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A plant virus manipulates the behavior of its whitefly vector to enhance its transmission efficiency and spread.

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