Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming

Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a triblock copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) have been obtained following both out-of-equilibrium (extrusion) and near-equilibrium (solvent casting) production routes. The self-assembly capabili...

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Autores principales:	Suset Barroso-Solares, Victoria Bernardo, Daniel Cuadra-Rodriguez, Javier Pinto
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	block copolymers CO<sub>2</sub> gas dissolution foaming heterogeneous nucleation polymer foams Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/84a75b84e7b54fcaba7b1bc8c4095ae9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:84a75b84e7b54fcaba7b1bc8c4095ae92021-11-25T18:30:10ZNanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming10.3390/nano111128342079-4991https://doaj.org/article/84a75b84e7b54fcaba7b1bc8c4095ae92021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/2834https://doaj.org/toc/2079-4991Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a triblock copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) have been obtained following both out-of-equilibrium (extrusion) and near-equilibrium (solvent casting) production routes. The self-assembly capability and the achievable nanostructures of these blends are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) regarding their production route and potential for the achievement of nanocellular foams by CO<sub>2</sub> gas dissolution foaming. The influence of the initial nanostructure of the solids on the obtained cellular structure of bulk and film samples is determined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) for diverse foaming conditions (saturation pressure, saturation temperature, and post-foaming stage), taking into account the required use of a foaming mold to achieve foams from films. Moreover, the influence of the nanostructuration on the presence of solid outer layers, typical of the selected foaming process, is addressed. Finally, consideration of a qualitative model and the obtained results in terms of nanostructuration, cellular structure, and foaming behavior, allow proposing a detailed cell nucleation, growth, and stabilization scheme for these materials, providing the first direct evidence of the cell nucleation happening inside the poly(butyl acrylate) phase in the PMMA/MAM blends.Suset Barroso-SolaresVictoria BernardoDaniel Cuadra-RodriguezJavier PintoMDPI AGarticleblock copolymersCO<sub>2</sub> gas dissolution foamingheterogeneous nucleationpolymer foamsChemistryQD1-999ENNanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2834, p 2834 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	block copolymers CO<sub>2</sub> gas dissolution foaming heterogeneous nucleation polymer foams Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	block copolymers CO<sub>2</sub> gas dissolution foaming heterogeneous nucleation polymer foams Chemistry QD1-999 Suset Barroso-Solares Victoria Bernardo Daniel Cuadra-Rodriguez Javier Pinto Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming
description	Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and a triblock copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (MAM) have been obtained following both out-of-equilibrium (extrusion) and near-equilibrium (solvent casting) production routes. The self-assembly capability and the achievable nanostructures of these blends are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) regarding their production route and potential for the achievement of nanocellular foams by CO<sub>2</sub> gas dissolution foaming. The influence of the initial nanostructure of the solids on the obtained cellular structure of bulk and film samples is determined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) for diverse foaming conditions (saturation pressure, saturation temperature, and post-foaming stage), taking into account the required use of a foaming mold to achieve foams from films. Moreover, the influence of the nanostructuration on the presence of solid outer layers, typical of the selected foaming process, is addressed. Finally, consideration of a qualitative model and the obtained results in terms of nanostructuration, cellular structure, and foaming behavior, allow proposing a detailed cell nucleation, growth, and stabilization scheme for these materials, providing the first direct evidence of the cell nucleation happening inside the poly(butyl acrylate) phase in the PMMA/MAM blends.
format	article
author	Suset Barroso-Solares Victoria Bernardo Daniel Cuadra-Rodriguez Javier Pinto
author_facet	Suset Barroso-Solares Victoria Bernardo Daniel Cuadra-Rodriguez Javier Pinto
author_sort	Suset Barroso-Solares
title	Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming
title_short	Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming
title_full	Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming
title_fullStr	Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming
title_full_unstemmed	Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming
title_sort	nanostructure of pmma/mam blends prepared by out-of-equilibrium (extrusion) and near-equilibrium (casting) self-assembly and their nanocellular or microcellular structure obtained from co<sub>2</sub> foaming
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/84a75b84e7b54fcaba7b1bc8c4095ae9
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_version_	1718411086237007872

Nanostructure of PMMA/MAM Blends Prepared by Out-of-Equilibrium (Extrusion) and Near-Equilibrium (Casting) Self-Assembly and Their Nanocellular or Microcellular Structure Obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> Foaming

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