Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere

Global warming has boosted vegetation growth to a large extent, but this stimulation effect has significantly weakened in recent years. Among the set of possible driving forces, the asymmetric daytime and nighttime warming effect has been largely neglected. To improve our understanding on the relati...

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Autores principales:	Zhoutao Zheng, Yangjian Zhang, Juntao Zhu, Nan Cong
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Vegetation growth Daytime temperature Nighttime temperature Normalized difference vegetation index Extratropic Northern Hemisphere High latitudes Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/84c7715093d24e8fb7b63fbf4e3d2333
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:84c7715093d24e8fb7b63fbf4e3d23332021-12-01T05:00:38ZDaytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere1470-160X10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108203https://doaj.org/article/84c7715093d24e8fb7b63fbf4e3d23332021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21008682https://doaj.org/toc/1470-160XGlobal warming has boosted vegetation growth to a large extent, but this stimulation effect has significantly weakened in recent years. Among the set of possible driving forces, the asymmetric daytime and nighttime warming effect has been largely neglected. To improve our understanding on the relationship between vegetation growth and global warming, this study tries to attribute the respective effects of daytime and nighttime temperature on vegetation growth and reveal their temporal trends in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (30–90 °N). The results showed there had been significant warming trends in growing season maximum (TMX, 0.37 °C per decade) and minimum temperatures (TMN, 0.38 °C per decade) during 1982–2015, especially in high latitudes of the NH. Under the asymmetric diurnal warming, the effects of TMX and TMN on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) exhibited distinct temporal variations between mid- (<55 °N) and high latitudes (>55 °N). The positive correlation between NDVI and TMX (RNDVI-TMX) weakened in high latitudes, as well as the negative correlation between NDVI and TMN (RNDVI-TMN). However, the RNDVI-TMX and RNDVI-TMN changed little in mid-latitudes. Moreover, the weakening effect of TMX on NDVI was more apparent than that of TMN in high latitudes. The area with significantly (p < 0.1) positive RNDVI-TMX and significantly (p < 0.1) negative RNDVI-TMN both shrank from 1982–1998 to 1999–2015, with prior (15.97%) twice the latter one (7.09%) in shrunk area in high latitudes. With regard to vegetation type, decline in area with significantly (p < 0.1) positive RNDVI-TMX and negative RNDVI-TMN was extremely obvious in savannas, deciduous broadleaf forests and deciduous needleleaf forests. Besides, we also disclosed the poor performance of ecosystem process models in capturing the dynamic relationship between vegetation growth and diurnal temperature, which might be caused by their totally relying on diurnal mean temperature, instead of daytime and nighttime temperature, in forcing the models. This study can further advance our understandings on ecosystem responses to climate warming, and efficiently improve performance of ecosystem models.Zhoutao ZhengYangjian ZhangJuntao ZhuNan CongElsevierarticleVegetation growthDaytime temperatureNighttime temperatureNormalized difference vegetation indexExtratropic Northern HemisphereHigh latitudesEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcological Indicators, Vol 131, Iss , Pp 108203- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Vegetation growth Daytime temperature Nighttime temperature Normalized difference vegetation index Extratropic Northern Hemisphere High latitudes Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	Vegetation growth Daytime temperature Nighttime temperature Normalized difference vegetation index Extratropic Northern Hemisphere High latitudes Ecology QH540-549.5 Zhoutao Zheng Yangjian Zhang Juntao Zhu Nan Cong Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
description	Global warming has boosted vegetation growth to a large extent, but this stimulation effect has significantly weakened in recent years. Among the set of possible driving forces, the asymmetric daytime and nighttime warming effect has been largely neglected. To improve our understanding on the relationship between vegetation growth and global warming, this study tries to attribute the respective effects of daytime and nighttime temperature on vegetation growth and reveal their temporal trends in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere (30–90 °N). The results showed there had been significant warming trends in growing season maximum (TMX, 0.37 °C per decade) and minimum temperatures (TMN, 0.38 °C per decade) during 1982–2015, especially in high latitudes of the NH. Under the asymmetric diurnal warming, the effects of TMX and TMN on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) exhibited distinct temporal variations between mid- (<55 °N) and high latitudes (>55 °N). The positive correlation between NDVI and TMX (RNDVI-TMX) weakened in high latitudes, as well as the negative correlation between NDVI and TMN (RNDVI-TMN). However, the RNDVI-TMX and RNDVI-TMN changed little in mid-latitudes. Moreover, the weakening effect of TMX on NDVI was more apparent than that of TMN in high latitudes. The area with significantly (p < 0.1) positive RNDVI-TMX and significantly (p < 0.1) negative RNDVI-TMN both shrank from 1982–1998 to 1999–2015, with prior (15.97%) twice the latter one (7.09%) in shrunk area in high latitudes. With regard to vegetation type, decline in area with significantly (p < 0.1) positive RNDVI-TMX and negative RNDVI-TMN was extremely obvious in savannas, deciduous broadleaf forests and deciduous needleleaf forests. Besides, we also disclosed the poor performance of ecosystem process models in capturing the dynamic relationship between vegetation growth and diurnal temperature, which might be caused by their totally relying on diurnal mean temperature, instead of daytime and nighttime temperature, in forcing the models. This study can further advance our understandings on ecosystem responses to climate warming, and efficiently improve performance of ecosystem models.
format	article
author	Zhoutao Zheng Yangjian Zhang Juntao Zhu Nan Cong
author_facet	Zhoutao Zheng Yangjian Zhang Juntao Zhu Nan Cong
author_sort	Zhoutao Zheng
title	Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
title_short	Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
title_full	Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
title_fullStr	Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
title_full_unstemmed	Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere
title_sort	daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical northern hemisphere
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/84c7715093d24e8fb7b63fbf4e3d2333
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Daytime temperature contributes more than nighttime temperature to the weakened relationship between climate warming and vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere

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