Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review

Heat stress is one of the most detrimental environmental challenges affecting the biological process and the related production performance of farm animals, especially in poultry. Commercial laying hens have been bred (selected) for high egg production, resulting in increased sensitivity to heat str...

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Autores principales:	Jiaying Hu, Yijie Xiong, Richard S. Gates, Heng-Wei Cheng
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	heat stress behavior production physiology immunology health Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/84ce649aa75f44c0b53e11cdc5ac9731
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:84ce649aa75f44c0b53e11cdc5ac97312021-11-25T16:13:50ZPerches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review10.3390/ani111130262076-2615https://doaj.org/article/84ce649aa75f44c0b53e11cdc5ac97312021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3026https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Heat stress is one of the most detrimental environmental challenges affecting the biological process and the related production performance of farm animals, especially in poultry. Commercial laying hens have been bred (selected) for high egg production, resulting in increased sensitivity to heat stress due to breeding-linked metabolic heat production. In addition, laying hens are prone to heat stress due to their inadequate species-specific cooling mechanisms resulting in low heat tolerance. In addition, hens have no sweat glands and feathering covers almost their entire body to minimize body heat loss. The poultry industry and scientists are developing cooling methods to prevent or reduce heat stress-caused damage to chicken health, welfare, and economic losses. We have designed and tested a cooling system using perches, in which chilled water (10 °C) circulates through a conventional perch passing through the layer cages to offer the cooling potential to improve hen health, welfare, and performance during acute and chronic periods of heat stress (35 °C). This review summarizes the outcomes of a multi-year study using the designed cooled perch system. The results indicate that conducting heat from perching hens directly onto the cooled perch system efficiently reduces heat stress and related damage in laying hens. It provides a novel strategy: perches, one key furnishment in cage-free and enriched colony facilities, could be modified as cooling devices to improve thermal comfort for hens during hot seasons, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions.Jiaying HuYijie XiongRichard S. GatesHeng-Wei ChengMDPI AGarticleheat stressbehaviorproductionphysiologyimmunologyhealthVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3026, p 3026 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	heat stress behavior production physiology immunology health Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	heat stress behavior production physiology immunology health Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Jiaying Hu Yijie Xiong Richard S. Gates Heng-Wei Cheng Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review
description	Heat stress is one of the most detrimental environmental challenges affecting the biological process and the related production performance of farm animals, especially in poultry. Commercial laying hens have been bred (selected) for high egg production, resulting in increased sensitivity to heat stress due to breeding-linked metabolic heat production. In addition, laying hens are prone to heat stress due to their inadequate species-specific cooling mechanisms resulting in low heat tolerance. In addition, hens have no sweat glands and feathering covers almost their entire body to minimize body heat loss. The poultry industry and scientists are developing cooling methods to prevent or reduce heat stress-caused damage to chicken health, welfare, and economic losses. We have designed and tested a cooling system using perches, in which chilled water (10 °C) circulates through a conventional perch passing through the layer cages to offer the cooling potential to improve hen health, welfare, and performance during acute and chronic periods of heat stress (35 °C). This review summarizes the outcomes of a multi-year study using the designed cooled perch system. The results indicate that conducting heat from perching hens directly onto the cooled perch system efficiently reduces heat stress and related damage in laying hens. It provides a novel strategy: perches, one key furnishment in cage-free and enriched colony facilities, could be modified as cooling devices to improve thermal comfort for hens during hot seasons, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions.
format	article
author	Jiaying Hu Yijie Xiong Richard S. Gates Heng-Wei Cheng
author_facet	Jiaying Hu Yijie Xiong Richard S. Gates Heng-Wei Cheng
author_sort	Jiaying Hu
title	Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review
title_short	Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review
title_full	Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review
title_fullStr	Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review
title_full_unstemmed	Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review
title_sort	perches as cooling devices for reducing heat stress in caged laying hens: a review
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/84ce649aa75f44c0b53e11cdc5ac9731
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiayinghu perchesascoolingdevicesforreducingheatstressincagedlayinghensareview AT yijiexiong perchesascoolingdevicesforreducingheatstressincagedlayinghensareview AT richardsgates perchesascoolingdevicesforreducingheatstressincagedlayinghensareview AT hengweicheng perchesascoolingdevicesforreducingheatstressincagedlayinghensareview
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Perches as Cooling Devices for Reducing Heat Stress in Caged Laying Hens: A Review

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