Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines

The presence of benzene and similar aromatic compounds in civil environments is due to anthropic actions but also to natural sources. Natural gas consists of a gas mixture where benzene and related compounds are usually presents. Thus, the detection of these compounds in natural gas pipelines is of...

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Autores principales:	Rossana Galassi, Christian Contini, Matteo Pucci, Ennio Gambi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	natural gas measurement pipeline monitoring benzene benzenoids Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/851b2abdf4a3458cb6b55f829313d076
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:851b2abdf4a3458cb6b55f829313d0762021-11-25T18:57:34ZAutomatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines10.3390/s212275751424-8220https://doaj.org/article/851b2abdf4a3458cb6b55f829313d0762021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7575https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220The presence of benzene and similar aromatic compounds in civil environments is due to anthropic actions but also to natural sources. Natural gas consists of a gas mixture where benzene and related compounds are usually presents. Thus, the detection of these compounds in natural gas pipelines is of the utmost importance as well as the control of the concentration level, which must remain below the limits consented by law. In this regard, it is of striking interest to engineer devices able to detect these compounds by automatic and continuous remote control. Here, we discuss the application of an optical device designed for the measurement of sulfured odorizing agents in natural gas pipelines aiming at the detection and the measurement of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) in the same contexts. The instrument consists of a customized UV spectrophotometer connected to an automatic control system able to provide in-field detections of BTX through a continuous and remote check of the gaseous mixture. Relatively to benzene, the instrument is characterized by values of LOD (level of detection) and LOQ (level of quantification) equal to 0.55 and 1.84 mg/Sm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. Similar limits are found for toluene and xylenes (LOD of 0.81, 1.05, 1.41, and 1.00 mg/Sm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> for toluene, meta-, ortho-, and para-xylene, respectively).Rossana GalassiChristian ContiniMatteo PucciEnnio GambiMDPI AGarticlenatural gas measurementpipeline monitoringbenzenebenzenoidsChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7575, p 7575 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	natural gas measurement pipeline monitoring benzene benzenoids Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	natural gas measurement pipeline monitoring benzene benzenoids Chemical technology TP1-1185 Rossana Galassi Christian Contini Matteo Pucci Ennio Gambi Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines
description	The presence of benzene and similar aromatic compounds in civil environments is due to anthropic actions but also to natural sources. Natural gas consists of a gas mixture where benzene and related compounds are usually presents. Thus, the detection of these compounds in natural gas pipelines is of the utmost importance as well as the control of the concentration level, which must remain below the limits consented by law. In this regard, it is of striking interest to engineer devices able to detect these compounds by automatic and continuous remote control. Here, we discuss the application of an optical device designed for the measurement of sulfured odorizing agents in natural gas pipelines aiming at the detection and the measurement of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) in the same contexts. The instrument consists of a customized UV spectrophotometer connected to an automatic control system able to provide in-field detections of BTX through a continuous and remote check of the gaseous mixture. Relatively to benzene, the instrument is characterized by values of LOD (level of detection) and LOQ (level of quantification) equal to 0.55 and 1.84 mg/Sm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. Similar limits are found for toluene and xylenes (LOD of 0.81, 1.05, 1.41, and 1.00 mg/Sm<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>3</mn></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> for toluene, meta-, ortho-, and para-xylene, respectively).
format	article
author	Rossana Galassi Christian Contini Matteo Pucci Ennio Gambi
author_facet	Rossana Galassi Christian Contini Matteo Pucci Ennio Gambi
author_sort	Rossana Galassi
title	Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines
title_short	Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines
title_full	Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines
title_fullStr	Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines
title_full_unstemmed	Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines
title_sort	automatic optical measurement and control of benzene and benzenoids in natural gas pipelines
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/851b2abdf4a3458cb6b55f829313d076
work_keys_str_mv	AT rossanagalassi automaticopticalmeasurementandcontrolofbenzeneandbenzenoidsinnaturalgaspipelines AT christiancontini automaticopticalmeasurementandcontrolofbenzeneandbenzenoidsinnaturalgaspipelines AT matteopucci automaticopticalmeasurementandcontrolofbenzeneandbenzenoidsinnaturalgaspipelines AT enniogambi automaticopticalmeasurementandcontrolofbenzeneandbenzenoidsinnaturalgaspipelines
_version_	1718410473348530176

Automatic Optical Measurement and Control of Benzene and Benzenoids in Natural Gas Pipelines

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