White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.

Phenotypic transitions play critical roles in host adaptation, virulence, and sexual reproduction in pathogenic fungi. A minority of natural isolates of Candida albicans, which are homozygous at the mating type locus (MTL, a/a or α/α), are known to be able to switch between two distinct cell types:...

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Autores principales:	Jing Xie, Li Tao, Clarissa J Nobile, Yaojun Tong, Guobo Guan, Yuan Sun, Chengjun Cao, Aaron D Hernday, Alexander D Johnson, Lixin Zhang, Feng-Yan Bai, Guanghua Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/8552ba6072fd4e6693325686041714a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:8552ba6072fd4e6693325686041714a92021-11-18T05:37:11ZWhite-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001525https://doaj.org/article/8552ba6072fd4e6693325686041714a92013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23555196/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Phenotypic transitions play critical roles in host adaptation, virulence, and sexual reproduction in pathogenic fungi. A minority of natural isolates of Candida albicans, which are homozygous at the mating type locus (MTL, a/a or α/α), are known to be able to switch between two distinct cell types: white and opaque. It is puzzling that white-opaque switching has never been observed in the majority of natural C. albicans strains that have heterozygous MTL genotypes (a/α), given that they contain all of the opaque-specific genes essential for switching. Here we report the discovery of white-opaque switching in a number of natural a/α strains of C. albicans under a condition mimicking aspects of the host environment. The optimal condition for white-to-opaque switching in a/α strains of C. albicans is to use N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as the sole carbon source and to incubate the cells in 5% CO2. Although the induction of white-to-opaque switching in a/α strains of C. albicans is not as robust as in MTL homozygotes in response to GlcNAc and CO2, opaque cells of a/α strains exhibit similar features of cellular and colony morphology to their MTL homozygous counterparts. Like MTL homozygotes, white and opaque cells of a/α strains differ in their behavior in different mouse infection models. We have further demonstrated that the transcriptional regulators Rfg1, Brg1, and Efg1 are involved in the regulation of white-to-opaque switching in a/α strains. We propose that the integration of multiple environmental cues and the activation and inactivation of a set of transcriptional regulators controls the expression of the master switching regulator WOR1, which determines the final fate of the cell type in C. albicans. Our discovery of white-opaque switching in the majority of natural a/α strains of C. albicans emphasizes its widespread nature and importance in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and parasexual reproduction.Jing XieLi TaoClarissa J NobileYaojun TongGuobo GuanYuan SunChengjun CaoAaron D HerndayAlexander D JohnsonLixin ZhangFeng-Yan BaiGuanghua HuangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 11, Iss 3, p e1001525 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Jing Xie Li Tao Clarissa J Nobile Yaojun Tong Guobo Guan Yuan Sun Chengjun Cao Aaron D Hernday Alexander D Johnson Lixin Zhang Feng-Yan Bai Guanghua Huang White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.
description	Phenotypic transitions play critical roles in host adaptation, virulence, and sexual reproduction in pathogenic fungi. A minority of natural isolates of Candida albicans, which are homozygous at the mating type locus (MTL, a/a or α/α), are known to be able to switch between two distinct cell types: white and opaque. It is puzzling that white-opaque switching has never been observed in the majority of natural C. albicans strains that have heterozygous MTL genotypes (a/α), given that they contain all of the opaque-specific genes essential for switching. Here we report the discovery of white-opaque switching in a number of natural a/α strains of C. albicans under a condition mimicking aspects of the host environment. The optimal condition for white-to-opaque switching in a/α strains of C. albicans is to use N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as the sole carbon source and to incubate the cells in 5% CO2. Although the induction of white-to-opaque switching in a/α strains of C. albicans is not as robust as in MTL homozygotes in response to GlcNAc and CO2, opaque cells of a/α strains exhibit similar features of cellular and colony morphology to their MTL homozygous counterparts. Like MTL homozygotes, white and opaque cells of a/α strains differ in their behavior in different mouse infection models. We have further demonstrated that the transcriptional regulators Rfg1, Brg1, and Efg1 are involved in the regulation of white-to-opaque switching in a/α strains. We propose that the integration of multiple environmental cues and the activation and inactivation of a set of transcriptional regulators controls the expression of the master switching regulator WOR1, which determines the final fate of the cell type in C. albicans. Our discovery of white-opaque switching in the majority of natural a/α strains of C. albicans emphasizes its widespread nature and importance in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and parasexual reproduction.
format	article
author	Jing Xie Li Tao Clarissa J Nobile Yaojun Tong Guobo Guan Yuan Sun Chengjun Cao Aaron D Hernday Alexander D Johnson Lixin Zhang Feng-Yan Bai Guanghua Huang
author_facet	Jing Xie Li Tao Clarissa J Nobile Yaojun Tong Guobo Guan Yuan Sun Chengjun Cao Aaron D Hernday Alexander D Johnson Lixin Zhang Feng-Yan Bai Guanghua Huang
author_sort	Jing Xie
title	White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.
title_short	White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.
title_full	White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.
title_fullStr	White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.
title_full_unstemmed	White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.
title_sort	white-opaque switching in natural mtla/α isolates of candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/8552ba6072fd4e6693325686041714a9
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White-opaque switching in natural MTLa/α isolates of Candida albicans: evolutionary implications for roles in host adaptation, pathogenesis, and sex.

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