Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of Scotogramma trifolii and Protoschinia scutosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The proboscis is an important feeding organ for the glossatan moths, mainly adapted to the flower and non-flower visiting habits. The clover cutworm, Scotogramma trifolii Rottemberg, and the spotted clover moth, Protoschinia scutosa (Denis & Schiffermuller),...

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Autores principales:	Chuan-Min Zhang, Yue Niu, Gui-Lin Hu, Ji-Qi Lu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	feeding mechanisms flower visitor mouthparts scanning electron microscopy sensory organ Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/855771c175a9428ea1f76b9a2e21f86c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:855771c175a9428ea1f76b9a2e21f86c2021-11-25T17:59:21ZUltramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)10.3390/insects121109922075-4450https://doaj.org/article/855771c175a9428ea1f76b9a2e21f86c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/992https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450The proboscis is an important feeding organ for the glossatan moths, mainly adapted to the flower and non-flower visiting habits. The clover cutworm, <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> Rottemberg, and the spotted clover moth, <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Denis & Schiffermuller), are serious polyphagous pests, attacking numerous vegetables and crops, resulting in huge economic losses. However, the feeding behavior and mechanisms of the adult stage remain unsatisfactorily explored. In this study, the proboscis morphology of <i>S. trifolii</i> and <i>P. scutosa</i> are described in detail using scanning electron microscopy, with the aim of investigating the morphological differences and feeding behavior of these two species. The proboscises of <i>S. trifolii</i> and <i>P. scutosa</i> are similar in morphology and structure and are divided into three zones (Zone 1–3) based on the morphological changes of the dorsal legulae. Three sensillum types are located on the proboscises of both species, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, and sensilla styloconica. Significant differences were observed in the length of the proboscis and each zone between these two species, as well as in sensilla size and number. Based on the morphology of the proboscis and associated sensilla, <i>S. trifolii</i> and <i>P. scutosa</i> are potential flower visitors, which was also reinforced by the pollen observed at the proboscis tip. These results will strengthen our understanding of the structure of the proboscis related to the feeding behavior of Noctuidae.Chuan-Min ZhangYue NiuGui-Lin HuJi-Qi LuMDPI AGarticlefeeding mechanismsflower visitormouthpartsscanning electron microscopysensory organScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 992, p 992 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	feeding mechanisms flower visitor mouthparts scanning electron microscopy sensory organ Science Q
spellingShingle	feeding mechanisms flower visitor mouthparts scanning electron microscopy sensory organ Science Q Chuan-Min Zhang Yue Niu Gui-Lin Hu Ji-Qi Lu Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
description	The proboscis is an important feeding organ for the glossatan moths, mainly adapted to the flower and non-flower visiting habits. The clover cutworm, <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> Rottemberg, and the spotted clover moth, <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Denis & Schiffermuller), are serious polyphagous pests, attacking numerous vegetables and crops, resulting in huge economic losses. However, the feeding behavior and mechanisms of the adult stage remain unsatisfactorily explored. In this study, the proboscis morphology of <i>S. trifolii</i> and <i>P. scutosa</i> are described in detail using scanning electron microscopy, with the aim of investigating the morphological differences and feeding behavior of these two species. The proboscises of <i>S. trifolii</i> and <i>P. scutosa</i> are similar in morphology and structure and are divided into three zones (Zone 1–3) based on the morphological changes of the dorsal legulae. Three sensillum types are located on the proboscises of both species, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, and sensilla styloconica. Significant differences were observed in the length of the proboscis and each zone between these two species, as well as in sensilla size and number. Based on the morphology of the proboscis and associated sensilla, <i>S. trifolii</i> and <i>P. scutosa</i> are potential flower visitors, which was also reinforced by the pollen observed at the proboscis tip. These results will strengthen our understanding of the structure of the proboscis related to the feeding behavior of Noctuidae.
format	article
author	Chuan-Min Zhang Yue Niu Gui-Lin Hu Ji-Qi Lu
author_facet	Chuan-Min Zhang Yue Niu Gui-Lin Hu Ji-Qi Lu
author_sort	Chuan-Min Zhang
title	Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
title_short	Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
title_full	Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
title_fullStr	Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
title_full_unstemmed	Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
title_sort	ultramorphological comparison of proboscis and associated sensilla of <i>scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>protoschinia scutosa</i> (lepidoptera: noctuidae)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/855771c175a9428ea1f76b9a2e21f86c
work_keys_str_mv	AT chuanminzhang ultramorphologicalcomparisonofproboscisandassociatedsensillaofiscotogrammatrifoliiiandiprotoschiniascutosailepidopteranoctuidae AT yueniu ultramorphologicalcomparisonofproboscisandassociatedsensillaofiscotogrammatrifoliiiandiprotoschiniascutosailepidopteranoctuidae AT guilinhu ultramorphologicalcomparisonofproboscisandassociatedsensillaofiscotogrammatrifoliiiandiprotoschiniascutosailepidopteranoctuidae AT jiqilu ultramorphologicalcomparisonofproboscisandassociatedsensillaofiscotogrammatrifoliiiandiprotoschiniascutosailepidopteranoctuidae
_version_	1718411755918458880

Ultramorphological Comparison of Proboscis and Associated Sensilla of <i>Scotogramma trifolii</i> and <i>Protoschinia scutosa</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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