Complex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits
Gallium alloys are liquids at room temperature, and are suitable as conductors in electronic circuits. Furthermore, gallium-based liquid metals immersed in a water-based electrolyte such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be electrically actuated, enabling reconfigurable electronics such as RF switches,...
Guardado en:
| Autores principales: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
IEEE
2019
|
| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/85720181caba481c8861af8fc8157eb2 |
| Etiquetas: |
Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
|
| id |
oai:doaj.org-article:85720181caba481c8861af8fc8157eb2 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
oai:doaj.org-article:85720181caba481c8861af8fc8157eb22021-11-12T00:01:42ZComplex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits2169-353610.1109/ACCESS.2019.2945773https://doaj.org/article/85720181caba481c8861af8fc8157eb22019-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8861070/https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536Gallium alloys are liquids at room temperature, and are suitable as conductors in electronic circuits. Furthermore, gallium-based liquid metals immersed in a water-based electrolyte such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be electrically actuated, enabling reconfigurable electronics such as RF switches, tunable filters, and tunable antennas. However, NaOH in liquid-metal reconfigurable electronics also causes RF losses that should be minimized by careful design and simulation. To accurately simulate the effects of NaOH at microwave frequencies, the complex permittivity of NaOH is required over the operating frequency range. Here, the complex dielectric permittivity of aqueous NaOH solutions is determined from 0.2 to 20 GHz by dielectric spectroscopy. NaOH solutions with concentrations of 0.01 moles/liter (M), 0.1 M, 0.25 M, 0.5 M, 0.75 M, 1.0 M, 1.25 M, and 1.5 M are investigated at 20 °C. The complex permittivity spectra are fitted by a Cole-Cole relaxation time distribution. In addition, the fitting parameters, including static permittivity ε<sub>s</sub> and relaxation time τ are reported, along with the distribution parameter α. The measured permittivity of NaOH is used to simulate two liquid-metal RF components using NaOH. The measured RF performance are in good agreement with the simulated results that include the effects of NaOH.Kareem S. ElassyM. Arifur RahmanNicholas S. YamaWayne A. ShiromaAaron T. OhtaIEEEarticleComplex permittivitysodium hydroxide (NaOH)liquid metalmicrowave frequenciesElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971ENIEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 150150-150156 (2019) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
Complex permittivity sodium hydroxide (NaOH) liquid metal microwave frequencies Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 |
| spellingShingle |
Complex permittivity sodium hydroxide (NaOH) liquid metal microwave frequencies Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Kareem S. Elassy M. Arifur Rahman Nicholas S. Yama Wayne A. Shiroma Aaron T. Ohta Complex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits |
| description |
Gallium alloys are liquids at room temperature, and are suitable as conductors in electronic circuits. Furthermore, gallium-based liquid metals immersed in a water-based electrolyte such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be electrically actuated, enabling reconfigurable electronics such as RF switches, tunable filters, and tunable antennas. However, NaOH in liquid-metal reconfigurable electronics also causes RF losses that should be minimized by careful design and simulation. To accurately simulate the effects of NaOH at microwave frequencies, the complex permittivity of NaOH is required over the operating frequency range. Here, the complex dielectric permittivity of aqueous NaOH solutions is determined from 0.2 to 20 GHz by dielectric spectroscopy. NaOH solutions with concentrations of 0.01 moles/liter (M), 0.1 M, 0.25 M, 0.5 M, 0.75 M, 1.0 M, 1.25 M, and 1.5 M are investigated at 20 °C. The complex permittivity spectra are fitted by a Cole-Cole relaxation time distribution. In addition, the fitting parameters, including static permittivity ε<sub>s</sub> and relaxation time τ are reported, along with the distribution parameter α. The measured permittivity of NaOH is used to simulate two liquid-metal RF components using NaOH. The measured RF performance are in good agreement with the simulated results that include the effects of NaOH. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Kareem S. Elassy M. Arifur Rahman Nicholas S. Yama Wayne A. Shiroma Aaron T. Ohta |
| author_facet |
Kareem S. Elassy M. Arifur Rahman Nicholas S. Yama Wayne A. Shiroma Aaron T. Ohta |
| author_sort |
Kareem S. Elassy |
| title |
Complex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits |
| title_short |
Complex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits |
| title_full |
Complex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits |
| title_fullStr |
Complex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Complex Permittivity of NaOH Solutions Used in Liquid-Metal Circuits |
| title_sort |
complex permittivity of naoh solutions used in liquid-metal circuits |
| publisher |
IEEE |
| publishDate |
2019 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/85720181caba481c8861af8fc8157eb2 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT kareemselassy complexpermittivityofnaohsolutionsusedinliquidmetalcircuits AT marifurrahman complexpermittivityofnaohsolutionsusedinliquidmetalcircuits AT nicholassyama complexpermittivityofnaohsolutionsusedinliquidmetalcircuits AT wayneashiroma complexpermittivityofnaohsolutionsusedinliquidmetalcircuits AT aarontohta complexpermittivityofnaohsolutionsusedinliquidmetalcircuits |
| _version_ |
1718431360486473728 |