Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is potentially carcinogenic to humans. Although its mechanism remains unclear, oxidative stress has been recognized as a plausible cause for the potent renal carcinogenicity observed in experimental animals. The effect of OTA on oxidative stress parameters in t...

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Autores principales:	Enrique García-Pérez, Dojin Ryu, Hwa-Young Kim, Hae Dun Kim, Hyun Jung Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ochratoxin A (OTA) oxidative stress renal carcinogen kidney cell lines LLC-PK1 HK-2 Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/857d90fc0c8d47e792628a631b01cddf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:857d90fc0c8d47e792628a631b01cddf2021-11-25T19:08:50ZHuman Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress10.3390/toxins131107872072-6651https://doaj.org/article/857d90fc0c8d47e792628a631b01cddf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/787https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is potentially carcinogenic to humans. Although its mechanism remains unclear, oxidative stress has been recognized as a plausible cause for the potent renal carcinogenicity observed in experimental animals. The effect of OTA on oxidative stress parameters in two cell lines of LLC-PK1 and HK-2 derived from the kidneys of pig and human, respectively, were investigated and compared. We found that the cytotoxicity of OTA on LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells was dose- and time-dependent in both cell lines. Furthermore, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by OTA in both cell lines were observed in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione (GSH) was depleted by OTA at >48 h in HK-2 but not in LLC-PK1 cells. While the mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in LLC-PK1 were down-regulated by 0.67- and 0.66-fold, respectively, those of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) in HK-2 were up-regulated by 2.20-, 2.24-, and 2.75-fold, respectively, after 72 h exposure to OTA. Based on these results, we conclude that HK-2 cells are more sensitive to OTA-mediated toxicity than LLC-PK1, and OTA can cause a significant oxidative stress in HK-2 as indicated by changes in the parameter evaluated.Enrique García-PérezDojin RyuHwa-Young KimHae Dun KimHyun Jung LeeMDPI AGarticleochratoxin A (OTA)oxidative stressrenal carcinogenkidney cell linesLLC-PK1HK-2MedicineRENToxins, Vol 13, Iss 787, p 787 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ochratoxin A (OTA) oxidative stress renal carcinogen kidney cell lines LLC-PK1 HK-2 Medicine R
spellingShingle	ochratoxin A (OTA) oxidative stress renal carcinogen kidney cell lines LLC-PK1 HK-2 Medicine R Enrique García-Pérez Dojin Ryu Hwa-Young Kim Hae Dun Kim Hyun Jung Lee Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress
description	Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is potentially carcinogenic to humans. Although its mechanism remains unclear, oxidative stress has been recognized as a plausible cause for the potent renal carcinogenicity observed in experimental animals. The effect of OTA on oxidative stress parameters in two cell lines of LLC-PK1 and HK-2 derived from the kidneys of pig and human, respectively, were investigated and compared. We found that the cytotoxicity of OTA on LLC-PK1 and HK-2 cells was dose- and time-dependent in both cell lines. Furthermore, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by OTA in both cell lines were observed in a time-dependent manner. Glutathione (GSH) was depleted by OTA at >48 h in HK-2 but not in LLC-PK1 cells. While the mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in LLC-PK1 were down-regulated by 0.67- and 0.66-fold, respectively, those of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) in HK-2 were up-regulated by 2.20-, 2.24-, and 2.75-fold, respectively, after 72 h exposure to OTA. Based on these results, we conclude that HK-2 cells are more sensitive to OTA-mediated toxicity than LLC-PK1, and OTA can cause a significant oxidative stress in HK-2 as indicated by changes in the parameter evaluated.
format	article
author	Enrique García-Pérez Dojin Ryu Hwa-Young Kim Hae Dun Kim Hyun Jung Lee
author_facet	Enrique García-Pérez Dojin Ryu Hwa-Young Kim Hae Dun Kim Hyun Jung Lee
author_sort	Enrique García-Pérez
title	Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress
title_short	Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress
title_full	Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress
title_fullStr	Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress
title_sort	human proximal tubule epithelial cells (hk-2) as a sensitive in vitro system for ochratoxin a induced oxidative stress
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/857d90fc0c8d47e792628a631b01cddf
work_keys_str_mv	AT enriquegarciaperez humanproximaltubuleepithelialcellshk2asasensitiveinvitrosystemforochratoxinainducedoxidativestress AT dojinryu humanproximaltubuleepithelialcellshk2asasensitiveinvitrosystemforochratoxinainducedoxidativestress AT hwayoungkim humanproximaltubuleepithelialcellshk2asasensitiveinvitrosystemforochratoxinainducedoxidativestress AT haedunkim humanproximaltubuleepithelialcellshk2asasensitiveinvitrosystemforochratoxinainducedoxidativestress AT hyunjunglee humanproximaltubuleepithelialcellshk2asasensitiveinvitrosystemforochratoxinainducedoxidativestress
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Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (HK-2) as a Sensitive In Vitro System for Ochratoxin A Induced Oxidative Stress

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