Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.

Great European mountain ranges have acted as barriers to gene flow for resident populations since prehistory and have offered a place for the settlement of small, and sometimes culturally diverse, communities. Therefore, the human groups that have settled in these areas are worth exploring as an imp...

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Autores principales:	Valentina Coia, Marco Capocasa, Paolo Anagnostou, Vincenzo Pascali, Francesca Scarnicci, Ilaria Boschi, Cinzia Battaggia, Federica Crivellaro, Gianmarco Ferri, Milena Alù, Francesca Brisighelli, George B J Busby, Cristian Capelli, Frank Maixner, Giovanna Cipollini, Pier Paolo Viazzo, Albert Zink, Giovanni Destro Bisol
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/85a0b1187f7c444b8a65a9af83147928
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:85a0b1187f7c444b8a65a9af831479282021-11-18T08:43:55ZDemographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0081704https://doaj.org/article/85a0b1187f7c444b8a65a9af831479282013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24312576/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Great European mountain ranges have acted as barriers to gene flow for resident populations since prehistory and have offered a place for the settlement of small, and sometimes culturally diverse, communities. Therefore, the human groups that have settled in these areas are worth exploring as an important potential source of diversity in the genetic structure of European populations. In this study, we present new high resolution data concerning Y chromosomal variation in three distinct Alpine ethno-linguistic groups, Italian, Ladin and German. Combining unpublished and literature data on Y chromosome and mitochondrial variation, we were able to detect different genetic patterns. In fact, within and among population diversity values observed vary across linguistic groups, with German and Italian speakers at the two extremes, and seem to reflect their different demographic histories. Using simulations we inferred that the joint effect of continued genetic isolation and reduced founding group size may explain the apportionment of genetic diversity observed in all groups. Extending the analysis to other continental populations, we observed that the genetic differentiation of Ladins and German speakers from Europeans is comparable or even greater to that observed for well known outliers like Sardinian and Basques. Finally, we found that in south Tyroleans, the social practice of Geschlossener Hof, a hereditary norm which might have favored male dispersal, coincides with a significant intra-group diversity for mtDNA but not for Y chromosome, a genetic pattern which is opposite to those expected among patrilocal populations. Together with previous evidence regarding the possible effects of "local ethnicity" on the genetic structure of German speakers that have settled in the eastern Italian Alps, this finding suggests that taking socio-cultural factors into account together with geographical variables and linguistic diversity may help unveil some yet to be understood aspects of the genetic structure of European populations.Valentina CoiaMarco CapocasaPaolo AnagnostouVincenzo PascaliFrancesca ScarnicciIlaria BoschiCinzia BattaggiaFederica CrivellaroGianmarco FerriMilena AlùFrancesca BrisighelliGeorge B J BusbyCristian CapelliFrank MaixnerGiovanna CipolliniPier Paolo ViazzoAlbert ZinkGiovanni Destro BisolPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e81704 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Valentina Coia Marco Capocasa Paolo Anagnostou Vincenzo Pascali Francesca Scarnicci Ilaria Boschi Cinzia Battaggia Federica Crivellaro Gianmarco Ferri Milena Alù Francesca Brisighelli George B J Busby Cristian Capelli Frank Maixner Giovanna Cipollini Pier Paolo Viazzo Albert Zink Giovanni Destro Bisol Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.
description	Great European mountain ranges have acted as barriers to gene flow for resident populations since prehistory and have offered a place for the settlement of small, and sometimes culturally diverse, communities. Therefore, the human groups that have settled in these areas are worth exploring as an important potential source of diversity in the genetic structure of European populations. In this study, we present new high resolution data concerning Y chromosomal variation in three distinct Alpine ethno-linguistic groups, Italian, Ladin and German. Combining unpublished and literature data on Y chromosome and mitochondrial variation, we were able to detect different genetic patterns. In fact, within and among population diversity values observed vary across linguistic groups, with German and Italian speakers at the two extremes, and seem to reflect their different demographic histories. Using simulations we inferred that the joint effect of continued genetic isolation and reduced founding group size may explain the apportionment of genetic diversity observed in all groups. Extending the analysis to other continental populations, we observed that the genetic differentiation of Ladins and German speakers from Europeans is comparable or even greater to that observed for well known outliers like Sardinian and Basques. Finally, we found that in south Tyroleans, the social practice of Geschlossener Hof, a hereditary norm which might have favored male dispersal, coincides with a significant intra-group diversity for mtDNA but not for Y chromosome, a genetic pattern which is opposite to those expected among patrilocal populations. Together with previous evidence regarding the possible effects of "local ethnicity" on the genetic structure of German speakers that have settled in the eastern Italian Alps, this finding suggests that taking socio-cultural factors into account together with geographical variables and linguistic diversity may help unveil some yet to be understood aspects of the genetic structure of European populations.
format	article
author	Valentina Coia Marco Capocasa Paolo Anagnostou Vincenzo Pascali Francesca Scarnicci Ilaria Boschi Cinzia Battaggia Federica Crivellaro Gianmarco Ferri Milena Alù Francesca Brisighelli George B J Busby Cristian Capelli Frank Maixner Giovanna Cipollini Pier Paolo Viazzo Albert Zink Giovanni Destro Bisol
author_facet	Valentina Coia Marco Capocasa Paolo Anagnostou Vincenzo Pascali Francesca Scarnicci Ilaria Boschi Cinzia Battaggia Federica Crivellaro Gianmarco Ferri Milena Alù Francesca Brisighelli George B J Busby Cristian Capelli Frank Maixner Giovanna Cipollini Pier Paolo Viazzo Albert Zink Giovanni Destro Bisol
author_sort	Valentina Coia
title	Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.
title_short	Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.
title_full	Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.
title_fullStr	Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.
title_full_unstemmed	Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.
title_sort	demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of alpine linguistic groups.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/85a0b1187f7c444b8a65a9af83147928
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Demographic histories, isolation and social factors as determinants of the genetic structure of Alpine linguistic groups.

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