Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes

Abstract Tephra deposits result from explosive volcanic eruption and serve as indirect probes into fragmentation processes operating in subsurface volcanic conduits. Primary magmatic fragmentation creates a population of pyroclasts through volatile-driven decompression during conduit ascent. In this...

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Autores principales:	T. J. Jones, J. K. Russell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/85a38ec9ae294d46a7dfcb1af26f63ae
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:85a38ec9ae294d46a7dfcb1af26f63ae2021-12-02T11:53:08ZAsh production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes10.1038/s41598-017-05450-62045-2322https://doaj.org/article/85a38ec9ae294d46a7dfcb1af26f63ae2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05450-6https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Tephra deposits result from explosive volcanic eruption and serve as indirect probes into fragmentation processes operating in subsurface volcanic conduits. Primary magmatic fragmentation creates a population of pyroclasts through volatile-driven decompression during conduit ascent. In this study, we explore the role that secondary fragmentation, specifically attrition, has in transforming primary pyroclasts upon transport in volcanic conduits and plumes. We utilize total grain size distributions from a suite of natural and experimentally produced tephra to show that attrition is likely to occur in all explosive volcanic eruptions. Our experimental results indicate that fine ash production and surface area generation is fast (<15 min) thereby rapidly raising the fractal dimension of tephra deposits. Furthermore, a new metric, the Entropy of Information, is introduced to quantify the degree of attrition (secondary fragmentation) from grain size data. Attrition elevates fine ash production which, in turn, has consequences for eruption column stability, tephra dispersal, aggregation, volcanic lightening generation, and has concomitant effects on aviation safety and Earth’s climate.T. J. JonesJ. K. RussellNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q T. J. Jones J. K. Russell Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
description	Abstract Tephra deposits result from explosive volcanic eruption and serve as indirect probes into fragmentation processes operating in subsurface volcanic conduits. Primary magmatic fragmentation creates a population of pyroclasts through volatile-driven decompression during conduit ascent. In this study, we explore the role that secondary fragmentation, specifically attrition, has in transforming primary pyroclasts upon transport in volcanic conduits and plumes. We utilize total grain size distributions from a suite of natural and experimentally produced tephra to show that attrition is likely to occur in all explosive volcanic eruptions. Our experimental results indicate that fine ash production and surface area generation is fast (<15 min) thereby rapidly raising the fractal dimension of tephra deposits. Furthermore, a new metric, the Entropy of Information, is introduced to quantify the degree of attrition (secondary fragmentation) from grain size data. Attrition elevates fine ash production which, in turn, has consequences for eruption column stability, tephra dispersal, aggregation, volcanic lightening generation, and has concomitant effects on aviation safety and Earth’s climate.
format	article
author	T. J. Jones J. K. Russell
author_facet	T. J. Jones J. K. Russell
author_sort	T. J. Jones
title	Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
title_short	Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
title_full	Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
title_fullStr	Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
title_full_unstemmed	Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
title_sort	ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/85a38ec9ae294d46a7dfcb1af26f63ae
work_keys_str_mv	AT tjjones ashproductionbyattritioninvolcanicconduitsandplumes AT jkrussell ashproductionbyattritioninvolcanicconduitsandplumes
_version_	1718394876729491456

Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes

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